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Anatomy > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Anular ligament of the radius do?

A

Holds radial head to humerus; if teared the radius will dislocate.

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2
Q

What does the ulnar collateral ligament do ?

A

Prevent medial (side to side) movement

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3
Q

What is the carrying angle of the elbow?

A

Angle which we bend normally when our arms are at our sides. Rest outside of hips, different angle for each person.

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4
Q

How many muscles cross the elbow; what are the two chief flexors? What are the two secondary flexors that assist in the presence of resistance?

A

17 muscles cross the elbow
Chief flexors: Biceps Brachii, Brachialis
Secondary flexors: In the presence of resistance the brachioradialis and pronator teres assist in slowing flexion. Support/control elbow flexion.

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5
Q

During pronation and supination the radial head rotates within the ______

A

Anular ligament

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6
Q

What connects the radius and ulna?

A

The Interosseous membrane

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7
Q

What articulates in distal radioulnar joint?

A

Head of Ulna articulates wit the ulnar notch on the radius.
Radius is doing the movement, moves over the ulna.

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8
Q

What are the two muscles of supination and the two of pronation?

A

Supination: supinator and biceps brachii
Pronation: pronator quadratus and pronator teres

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9
Q

OIAN of Supinator

A

Origin
- Lateral epicondyle of humerus
- Annular and radial collateral ligaments
- Supinator crest of ulna

Insertion - Lateral surface of proximal radius
Action - Supination of forearm
Nerve Supply - Deep branch of radial nerve

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10
Q

OIAN of Pronator Quadratus

A

Origin - Distal anteromedial ulna
Insertion - Distal anterolateral radius
Action - Pronation of forearm
Nerve Supply - Median nerve

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11
Q

OIAN of Pronator Teres

A

Origin - Humeral Head – Medial epicondyle of humerus, Ulnar Head – Coronoid process of ulna
Insertion - Middle of lateral radius
Action - Pronation of forearm
- Flexion of elbow
Nerve Supply - Median nerve

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12
Q

OIAN of Biceps Brachii

A

Origin:
- Short head – Coracoid process
- Long head – Supraglenoid tubercle

Insertion:
- Tendon – Radial tuberosity
- Bicipital aponeurosis – Antebrachial fascia (medial side)

Action:
Both heads:
- Supination of forearm
- Flexion of elbow
Short head:
- Also: Flexion of shoulder

Nerve Supply: - Musculocutaneous nerve

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13
Q

OIAN of brachialis

A

Origin: - Distal anterior humerus
Insertion:
- Ulnar tuberosity
- Coronoid process
Action: - Flexion of elbow
Nerve Supply: - Musculocutaneous nerve

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14
Q

OIAN of Brachioradialis

A

Origin: - Supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: - Styloid process of radius
Action: - Flexion of elbow with forearm in neutral position
Nerve Supply: - Radial nerve

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15
Q

OIAN of Pronator Teres

A

Origin - Humeral Head – Medial epicondyle of humerus, Ulnar Head – Coronoid process of ulna
Insertion - Middle of lateral radius
Action - Pronation of forearm
- Flexion of elbow
Nerve Supply - Median nerve

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16
Q

What are the eight carpal bones

A

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform
Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium (thumb)

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17
Q

What is unique of the pisiform bone?

A

it is a sesamoid bone, enveloped in the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris

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18
Q

What are the 2 proximal distal joints of the wrist complex

A

Radiocarpal and midcarpal

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19
Q

What are the proximal and distal components of the radiocarpal joint?

A

Proximal components: radius, articular disc (triangular ligament)

Distal components: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum

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20
Q

What are the Distal and Proximal components of the Midcarpal Joint?

A

Distal: Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
Proximal: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium

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21
Q

free :)

A
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22
Q

What forms the carpal tunnel?

A

Transverse carpal Ligament/Flexor retinaculum forms the tunnel with the carpals.

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23
Q

What are the joints between carpals and metacarpals?

A

Carpometacarpals

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24
Q

What are the four tendons that cross the anterior of the wrist (flexion)?

A

Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundis

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25
Q

OIAN of Palmaris Longus

A

Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion
- Palmar aponeurosis
- Flexor retinaculum
- Bases of proximal phalanges
Action - Flexion of wrist
Nerve Supply - Median nerve

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26
Q

OIAN of Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion - Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Action - Flexion of wrist, Radial deviation of wrist
Nerve Supply - Median nerve

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27
Q

OIAN of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Origin
- Humeral Head: Medial epicondyle of humerus
- Ulnar Head: Olecranon process and proximal posterior ulna

Insertion
- Pisiform
- Hook of hamate
- Base of 5thmetacarpal

Action - Flexion of wrist
- Ulnar deviation of wrist

Nerve Supply - Ulnar nerve

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28
Q

OIAN of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

Origin
- Medial epicondyle of humerus
- Coronoid process of ulna
- Proximal anterior surface of radius

Insertion - Middle phalanges of digits 2-5

Action - Flexion of wrist
- Flexion of digits 2-5 at MCP and PIP joints

Nerve Supply - Median nerve

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29
Q

OIAN of Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

Origin - Proximal surface of ulna
Insertion - Base of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Action - Flexion of wrist
- Flexion of digits 2-5 at MCP, PIP and DIP joints
Nerve Supply - Digits 2-3: median nerve
- Digits 4-5: ulnar nerve

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30
Q

OIAN of Flexor Pollicis Longus

A

Origin - Anterior surface of radius
- Interosseous membrane
Insertion - Base of distal phalanx of digit 1
Action - Flexion of thumb at IP joint
Nerve Supply - Median nerve

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31
Q

OIAN of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus:

A

Origin - Lateral supracondylar ridge
- Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion - Base of 2nd metacarpal
Action - Extension of wrist
- Radial deviation of wrist
Nerve Supply - Radial nerve

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32
Q

OIAN of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis:

A

Origin - Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion - Base of 3rd metacarpal
Action - Extension of wrist
Nerve Supply - Deep branch of radial nerve

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33
Q

OIAN of Extensor Digitorum

A

Origin - Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion - Extensor expansion of digits 2-5
Action - Extension of wrist
- Extension of digits 2-5 at MCP joints
Nerve Supply - Deep branch of radial nerve

34
Q

OIAN of Extensor Digit Minimi

A

Origin - Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion - Extensor expansion of digit 5
Action - Extension of wrist
- Extension of digit 5 at MCP joint
Nerve Supply - Deep branch of radial nerve

35
Q

OIAN of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris:

A

Origin
- Humeral Head – Lateral epicondyle of humerus,
- Ulnar Head – Proximal posterior ulna

Insertion - Base of 5th metacarpal
Action - Extension of wrist
- Ulnar deviation of wrist
Nerve Supply - Deep branch of radial nerve

36
Q

OIAN Abductor Pollicis Longus:

A

Origin - Posterior surfaces of radius and ulna
- Interosseous membrane
Insertion - Base of 1st metacarpal
Action - Radial deviation of wrist
- Abduction of thumb at CMC joint
Nerve Supply - Deep branch of radial nerve

37
Q

OIAN of Extensor Pollicis Brevis:

A

Origin - Posterior radius
- Interosseous membrane
Insertion- Base of proximal phalanx of digit 1
Action - Radial deviation of wrist
- Extension of thumb at MCP joint
Nerve Supply - Deep branch of radial nerve

38
Q

OIAN of Extensor Pollicis Longus:

A

Origin - Middle posterior ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion - Base of distal phalanx of digit 1

Action - Radial deviation of wrist
- Extension of thumb at IP joint

Nerve Supply - Deep branch of radial nerve

39
Q

OIAN of Extensor Indicis

A

Origin - Posterior ulna
- Adjacent interosseous membrane

Insertion - Extensor expansion of digit 2

Action - Extension of wrist
- Extension of digit 2 at MCP joint

Nerve Supply - Deep branch of radial nerve

40
Q

What is the palmar aponeurosis?

A

Fascia covers the tendons, blood supply, nerves and muscles. It connects on its distal side to the superficial transverse metacarpal ligament.

41
Q

What is the volar plate?

A

tough pad of fibrocartilage that sits one the volar surface. It provides stability by preventing hyperextension

42
Q

What are the two ligaments in the finger joint?

A

Collateral Ligament: One ligament that connects Metacarpal and phalanx.
Accessory Collateral Ligament: Second ligament connects metacarpal to the volar plate (provides stability)

43
Q

What three joints connects the metacarpals and phalanxs?

A

MCP: Metacarpophalangeal Joint- Metacarpal to proximal phalanx

PIP: Proximal interphalangeal joint- Proximal phalanx to phalanx

DIP: Distal interphalangeal joint- phalanx to distal phalanx

44
Q

What does the flexor digitorum superficialis flex?(joints)

A

Flexes MCP and PIP joints, inserts at phalanx

45
Q

What does the flexor digitorum profundus flex? (joints)

A

Flexes MCP, PIP, and DIP joints, inserts at distal phalanx

46
Q

What is the extensor hood?

A

at MCP joint, tendons of extensor digitorum, digiti minimi, and indicis meet with a broad aponeurosis called the extensor hood

47
Q

What do the Dorsal and Palmar Interossei muscles contribute to?

A

Dorsal: contribute to abduction DAB
Palmar: contribute to adduction PAD

48
Q

OIAN of Abductor Pollicus Brevis

A

Origin: Flexor retinaculum, trapezium, scaphoid
Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of digit 1
Action: abduction of thumb at CMC joint
Nerve supply: median nerve

49
Q

OIAN of Flexor Pollicus Brevis

A

Origin: superficial head- flexor retinaculum and trapezium; deep head- trapezium and capitate

Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of digit 1

Action: Flexion of thumb at MCP joint

Nerve supply: median nerve for superficial head and ulnar nerve for deep head

50
Q

OIAN of Opponens Pollicus

A

Origin: Flexor Retinaculum, trapezium
Insertion: radial shaft of 1st metacarpal
Action: opposition of thumb at CMC joint
Nerve Supply: median nerve

51
Q

OIAN of Adductor Pollicus

A

Origin: Transverse head- anterior surface of 3rd metacarpal
Oblique head- bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals; capitate, trapezoid and trapezium

Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of digit 1
Action: Adduction of thumb at CMC joint
Nerve Supply: Ulnar nerve

52
Q

What are the two lumbar plexus nerves that innervate lower fibers of anterior abdominal muscles?

A

Ili0hypogastric and Ilioinguinal

53
Q

OIAN of Quadratus Lumborum

A

Origin: Iliac crest
Insertion: 12th rib, transverse process of L1-4
Action: Lateral flexion of spine, elevates hip
Innervation: Ventral rami T12-L4

54
Q

OIAN of Psoas Minor

A

Origin- Body of T12-L1
Insertion: Superior Ramus of pubis
Action: Flexion of lumbar spine
Innervation: Spinal nerves L1

55
Q

What muscle is used for exercises that require a tightening of the abdominals (plank)

A

Transverse Abdominal

56
Q

What is the Thoracolumbar Fascia the origin for?

A

it is the origin for both the Internal Oblique and the Transverse Abdominus

57
Q

What muscles are used for twisting of the abdomen (russian twist exercise)

A

Internal and External Obliques

58
Q

OIAN of Rectus Abdominus

A

Origin: pubic symphysis and crest
Insertion: costal cartilages of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process
Action: flexion of spine, compression of abdomen
Innervation: T7-12

59
Q

What are the four abdominal muscles from superficial to deep?

A

External Oblique, Rectus Abdominis, Internal Oblique, Transverse Abdominis

60
Q

What muscles pass deep to the inguinal ligament and where do they insert?

A

Iliacus and Psoas Major both pass deep to the inguinal ligament and insert on the femur, they are hip flexors

61
Q

What is the Thoracolumbar Fascia

A

Critical structural connection, connects force between trunk and leg. (low back)
Origin of transverse abdominal and internal oblique, also latissimus dorsi. Wraps around quadratus lumborum

62
Q

What are the two cavities of the abdomen?

A

Peritoneal and Retroperitoneal cavities

63
Q

What are the Mesenteries and Great Omentum?

A

Mesenteries: anchor intestines to posterior abdominal wall

Greater Omentum: hangs down from the stomach like a curtain, separating visceral and parietal peritoneum

64
Q

Details on Visceral Fat

A

Visceral Fat accumulates in and under the omentum and mesenteries in some individuals. Visceral fat is an endocrine organ that releases adipokines.

65
Q

What are Adipokines ?

A

Hormones that impact our metabolism

66
Q

Where is the Inguinal Canal and what passes through it (reproductive)

A

Between the aponeurosis of the external oblique (superior) and inguinal ligament (inferior)
Spermatic cord or round ligament of uterus pass through
V shape towards genitals

67
Q

Why are chronic cough and constipation risk factors for hernias?

A

The pressure on the abdominal wall can lead to intestine escaping

68
Q

What are parts of the GI tract beginning at the mouth and ending at anus

A

Oral Cavity, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach,Small intestine, Ascending colon, Transverse colon, Descending colon, Sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal, anus

69
Q

What are the accessories of the GI tract?

A

Parotid gland, tongue, teeth, sublingual gland, submandibular gland, diaphragm, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, bile duct

70
Q

What are the four major parts of stomach?

A

Lesser curvature, greater curvature, body, fundus

71
Q

What does the Pyloric sphincter do ?

A

Sets pace of exiting

72
Q

What causes the stomach “growling” sounds?

A

Layers of muscle twisting with nothing inside

73
Q

What are the three functional sections of the small intestine? What are their functions?

A

Dudoenum: majority of digestion occurs here
Jejunum and Ileum: long massively folded internal structures for surface area. Absorption occurs here

74
Q

What are the functions of the Large intestine?

A

Absorbs water and vitamins from the remaining material. Also functions in compaction of feces.

75
Q

Path of large intestine

A

Ileocecal Valve (from small intestine), Cecum, Ascending colon, Transverse colon, Descending colon, Sigmoid Colon, Rectum, Anal Canal/External anal sphincter

76
Q

What does the appendix do and what is the danger?

A

haven for bacteria, repopulate the large intestine after diarrhea
If a lump of feces or swelling of lymph tissue causes blockage, the bacteria cannot escape. Swelling and rupture can result. This will release all of the bacteria into the body

77
Q

What divides the left and right lobes of the liver

A

Falciform Ligament

78
Q

What makes up the Porta Hepatis?

A

Hepatic Portal vein, artery, and ducts

79
Q

Function of gall bladder?

A

Stores bile

80
Q

What is the function of bile and where is it produced?

A

Bile breaksdown lipids and is produced in the liver

81
Q

What are the exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas?

A

Exocrine: pancreatic juice to GI tract
Endocrine: regulator of blood sugar through the antagonistic action of insulin and glucagon

Anatomy (14 decks)

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