All Pig Stuff Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is the purpose of quarantine?

A

(Prevent transmission of disease both from new to resident and resident to new, better observation of newbies, and to identify disease, behavioral, and nutritional diseases in newbies)

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2
Q

(T/F) Even if new populations of animals are of the same known health status as your resident animals, it is still best to have a short quarantine period.

A

(T)

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3
Q

Which of the following are appropriate topics to be discussed during a vet-to-vet call when bringing new animals into a herd? (Yeah this is a funny question, but there’s another question where I ask you to list the correct reasons so you best know them)
A - Your favorite colors +/- if you prefer the sparkly version of that color or not
B - Confirmation that source herd has not had any recent disease outbreaks
C - Your favorite coverall brands
D - To determine what disease have or have not been detected/tested for in the source herd
E - Your favorite season and why
F - To determine what vaccination programs are used (what are they given and when)
G - Your vet school crush and why
H - To determine what antimicrobials are being used in the source herd’s feed and/or water

A

(B, D, F, and H)

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4
Q

What are the main topics that should be discussed in a vet-to-vet call?

A

(Recent disease outbreaks in the source herd, what diseases have or have not been detected/tested for, what vaccination program is used, and what antimicrobials are being used in the feed/water)

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5
Q

How are diseases generally transmitted between pigs?

A

(Direct, makes quarantine real nice looking)

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6
Q

Diseases are generally transmitted through direct contact between pigs, what are additional routes of transmission?

A

(Rodent/bird vectors, fomites, environmental transmission via aerosol, water, food, or dirt)

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7
Q

What should be included in quarantine areas that can minimize fomite transmission, particularly pertaining to humans?

A

(Foot baths, hand washing stations, changing area, +/- use of gloves)

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8
Q

What should be included in quarantine areas to minimize environmental transmission (aerosol, water, food, or dirt)?

A

(No common water or feed sources, easy to clean surfaces to minimize dirt, no contact b/w resident pigs and newbies)

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9
Q

Unless the newbie pigs/animals are entirely naive animals with no exposure to any diseases, when should quarantined animals be fed, watered, checked on, etc?

A

(Dead last)

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10
Q

What is a good general time period for quarantine?

A

(28-30 days, minimum is 2 weeks)

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11
Q

What occurs during an acclimation period that is an additional 15-30 days on top of quarantine time?

A

(Acclimatization period allows for the newbies to be exposed to or immunized for diseases affecting the resident pigs/animals)

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12
Q

What should be done during the acclimation period?

A

(Vaccinate for specific organisms that are proven to be an issue in your resident herd, exposure the newbies to a resident sentinel pig, and treat with antiparasitics (both internal and external) prior to entry into the resident herd)

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13
Q

What are the most common causes of death in piglets?

A

(Trauma, hypoglycemia, and hypothermia)

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14
Q

What are some of the skin related congenital disorders that piglets can be affected by?

A

(Epitheliogenesis imperfecta → monitor for QOL and manage as a wound, polydactyly → left alone or removed in show pigs, and cleft palates)

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15
Q

What are some of the CNS related congenital disorders that piglets can be affected by?

A

(Tremors → will grow out of it, splayed legs → if congenital can try to hobble them, if traumatic not much to do, hydrocephalus → will die)

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16
Q

What are some of the urogenital related congenital disorders that piglets can be affected by?

A

(Atresia ani → if partial will be fine, if not will die, intersex → fairly common, won’t affect growth but cannot be in the breeding herd)

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17
Q

Piglet losses increase when the piglets are what weight or less at birth?

A

(<2.5-2.75 lbs)

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18
Q

In which gestational status of mom pigs are stillbirths highest?

A

(Gilts and older sows)

19
Q

If you are presented with 1-5 day old piglets with diarrhea, what all should be on your differential list?

A

(E. coli, Clostridium spp., coronaviruses (TGE/PEDv), and rotavirus)

20
Q

If you are presented with >5 day old piglets with greyish diarrhea, what will be at the top of your differential list?

A

(Coccidia)

21
Q

What diarrheal piglet diseases are associated with the highest mortality?

A

(TGE and PEDv)

22
Q

Compare and contrast rotavirus and coronavirus in pathophysiology, clinical signs, and ages affected.

A

(Pathophysiology: rota takes the tips, corona takes the whole villi down to the crypts → villi take a week to regenerate, baby cannot absorb anything in the meantime and die; clinical signs: rota mostly diarrhea, corona diarrhea and vomiting so they get dehydrated fast and die; ages affected: rota is a baby pig dzs, TGE/PEDv can affect any age pig)

23
Q

What are some of the strategies that can be used to obtain herd immunity against coronaviruses?

A

(Autogenous or commercially available vaccine and feedback (feed intestines of infected animals to the whole herd, found to not work for PEDv though))

24
Q

When should creep feed start in piglets?

A

(Around 7 days of age)

25
Q

If you note arthritis or polyarthritis in piglets, what are the possible causative agents and what can be used to treat?

A

(Strep spp, Staph spp, and T. pyogenes; tx with cephalosporins or penicillins)

26
Q

In general, pigs are weaned at what age?

A

(3 weeks of age)

27
Q

(T/F) Though nursery pigs still get diarrhea when they have E. coli infections, they will present more septicemic when compared to a piglet.

A

(T)

28
Q

(T/F) Nursery is where exposure to Lawsonia intracellularis (causative agent of proliferative enteropathy) begins but clinical disease caused by Lawsonia is typically associated with growers/finisher pigs.

A

(T)

29
Q

What parasitic infection is responsible for weaned pig diarrhea particularly when pastures are used instead of confinement?

A

(Trichuris suis, whipworms)

30
Q

Why is coccidia associated with greyish-green diarrhea?

A

(Bc coccidia causes the intestinal lining to necrose which translates the greyish-green diarrhea)

31
Q

What is the causative agent of edema disease which can cause CNS signs in nursery pigs?

A

(E. coli)

32
Q

What are some of the CNS disorders that can cause ataxia, staggering, down and paddling, seizures, and convulsions in nursery pigs?

A

(Edema dz, Strep suis meningitis, salt poisoning, ascending paralysis from tail abscesses/infections, otitis interna +/- aural hematoma, pseudorabies, and Glasser’s dz (polyserositis mainly but can see some CNS signs))

33
Q

What are some of the causative agents of polyserositis/arthritis in nursery pigs?

A

(Strep suis type 2, Haemophilus parasuis, Mycoplasma hyorhinis or hyosynoviae, Erysipelothrix, and other secondary invaders from neonatal infections)

34
Q

What are some of the causative agents of respiratory disorders in nursery pigs?

A

(Atrophic rhinitis, PRRSv, circovirus, influenza, salmonellosis, and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae)

35
Q

What is the causative agent of greasy pig disease?

A

(Staphylococcus hyicus)

36
Q

What is the typical presentation of pigs with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and what will you find on necropsy?

A

(Presentation is sudden death in previously healthy pigs, necropsy you’ll find caudodorsal fibrinonecrotic lung lesions)

37
Q

What is the causative agent of verminous pneumonia and how will affected pigs present?

A

(Ascaris suum, will have a wet cough that looks like they are trying to clear something from their lungs and be lethargic and generally sick looking)

38
Q

What is the main concern when grower/finisher pigs have Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae or circovirus infections?

A

(Both limit growth)

39
Q

(T/F) Salmonella is more of a concern in growers/finishers compared to piglets and nursery pigs.

A

(T)

40
Q

Where will you see porcine circovirus dermatitis lesions at the beginning stages of the disease?

A

(At the hind end, then will migrate across the back of the pig)

41
Q

Where are pityriasis rosea lesions typically found on pigs and how do you treat them?

A

(Usually found on the ventrum, no tx bc pigs will grow out of it)

42
Q

Ringworm in grower/finisher pigs is typically treated with diluted bleach, what other skin disease is treated similarly in nursery pigs?

A

(Greasy pig disease)

43
Q

How can you distinguish between mite and fly bites?

A

(Mite bite lesions will be widely distributed over the pig whereas fly bite lesions will not be)

44
Q

Boars can have overuse issues so normally semen is collected how many times maximum in a week?

A

(2-3)