Small Ruminant Parasites

Question 1

What gastrointestinal nematodes can be found in the abomasum of small ruminants?

Answer 1

(Haemonchus contortus, Teladorsagia spp., and Trichostrongylus axei (only trichostrongyle that is found in the stomach))

Question 2

What gastrointestinal nematodes can be found in the small or large intestines of small ruminants?

Answer 2

(Trichostrongylus spp., Cooperia spp., Oesophagostomum spp., and Trichuris spp.)

Question 3

What clinical signs are associated with parasitic gastroenteritis in sheep and goats that are economically unfavorable?

Answer 3

(Weight loss, slow growth, and lower production of milk, wool, or meat)

Question 4

Are goats or sheep slower in developing immunity against parasites?

Answer 4

(Goats)

Question 5

Are goats or sheep less likely to be exposed to parasites for behavioral reasons?

Answer 5

(Goats bc they are browsers instead of grazers like sheep)

Question 6

What is the 70/30 rule?

Answer 6

(30% of a flock will have 70% of the worms and will therefore contribute to 70% of the contamination of pastures)

Question 7

What is the goal of integral parasite management in small ruminants?

Answer 7

(To keep worms at a level that does not have detrimental health effects)

Question 8

What are the three basic principles of integral parasite management in small ruminants?

Answer 8

(Reduce exposure of the host to infective stages (mainly achieved by grazing management strategies), development of a more favorable response of the host to GI parasite infection (achieved through breeding management), and deworming using the targeted selected treatment method)

Question 9

Grazing animals in short/long (choose) pastures increases the ingestion of infective larvae.

Answer 9

(Short)

Question 10

What is the difference between resilient and resistant animals?

Answer 10

(Resilient animals are healthy animals with high FEC whereas resistant animals are healthy animals with low FEC; resistant animals are more desirable)

Question 11

What are some sheep breeds that have higher levels of resistance to parasites?

Answer 11

(Gulf Coast Native, St. Croix, Katahdin, and Barbados Blackbelly)

Question 12

What are some goat breeds that have higher levels of resistance to parasites?

Answer 12

(Spanish, Myotonic, and Kiko)

Question 13

What benzimidazole dewormers are approved for domestic sheep and goats?

Answer 13

(Albendazole and thiabendazole, fenbendazole is approved for goats but only wild sheep)

Question 14

What macrocyclic lactones dewormers are approved for sheep and goats?

Answer 14

(Tricky me, none are approved for both sheep and goats, only ivermectin and moxidectin are approved for sheep, none are approved for goats)

Question 15

What nicotinic agonists are approved for sheep and which are approved for goats (they do not overlap)?

Answer 15

(Levamisole is approved for sheep and morantel is approved for goats)

Question 16

Some of the management practices that speed up development of resistance are frequent deworming, use of the same drug/group, anthelmintic underdosing, mass treatment, and purchase/movement of new animals because they all decrease what?

Answer 16

(Refugia)

Question 17

What are the two sources of refugia?

Answer 17

(Free-living stages of helminths in the environment at the time of treatment and parasitic stages in untreated hosts)

Question 18

How are animals that need to be dewormed when trying to maintain refugia mainly identified?

Answer 18

(FAMACHA scoring)