Small Ruminant Neurological Dzs Flashcards
What is the most common causative agent of bacterial meningitis in goats, though there are other bacteria that can cause it?
(Mycoplasma)
Infection with Mycoplasma tends to occur in kids with failure of passive transfer, how do they get the infection? Two answers.
(Acquired through milk of asymptomatic dam within the first 2 months of life or post dehorning and tail docking)
Of the signs of bacterial meningitis, listed below, which are specifically caused by Mycoplasma infection?
A - Opisthotonus/stiff neck
B - Nystagmus
C - Swelling of joints
D - Diarrhea
E - Convulsions
F - Pneumonia
G - Crying abnormally
(C and F)
What does the spinal fluid of animals affected with bacterial meningitis look like?
(Cloudy with clots)
What four antibiotics can be used for cases of bacterial meningitis and which are specifically used for Mycoplasma infections?
(Ceftiofur (4-5 mg/kg IV QID), Nuflor (20 mg/kg IM), tetracycline (10 mg/kg IV), and Tylan (10 mg/kg IV), tetracycline and Tylan are abx of choice for Mycoplasma bacterial meningitis)
What is adequate colostrum intake for small ruminants?
(10-20% of their body weight within the first 12 hours)
Within what time period does aseptic meningitis occur post thermal dehorning?
(8-24 hours)
What is the most apparent clinical sign of caprine arthritis encephalitis in kids?
(Progressive rear limb ataxia, will be afebrile and BAR, condition will progress to tetraplegia, facial paralysis, and opisthotonus)
Listeriosis tends to live in material with a pH above what value such as spoiled silage, residual hay at round bale feeders, spoiled feed in feed bunks, and wet pastures or boggy soil?
(pH above 4.8)
Of the clinical signs for Listeria, listed below, which may not be present at the time of examination?
A - Depression and anorexia
B - Dysphagia, protruding tongue, drooling
C - Head tilt +/- walking in circles
D - Fever
E - Lack of menace and palpebral reflexes
F - Nystagmus, ear droop
G - Upper respiratory obstruction
(D)
What antibiotics can be used to treat Listeria and how long do you need to administer them?
(Procaine penicillin (22-44,000 IU/kg BID), oxytetracycline (5-10 mk/kg IV BID), or florfenicol (20 mg/kg IM SID); treat for a minimum of 10 days)
What is the causative agent of cerebrospinal nematodiasis?
(Parelaphostrongylus tenuis)
(T/F) The neurological clinical manifestations of P. tenuis infections (ataxia, paresis, knuckling) are accompanied by a change in mentation (dull, depressed).
(F, animals will be bright and alert, will eat and try to get up)
What dewormers should be used to treat P. tenuis infections?
(Some sort of macrocyclic lactone
(Dr. P mentions ivermectin, doramectin, and moxidectin (500 ug/kg then 200 ug/kg for 5 days) and fenbendazole (15 mg/kg for 3-5 days))
What deficiency or what toxicity causes polioencephalomalacia?
(Thiamine deficiency or sulfide toxicity)
