Small Ruminant Neurological Dzs Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the most common causative agent of bacterial meningitis in goats, though there are other bacteria that can cause it?

A

(Mycoplasma)

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2
Q

Infection with Mycoplasma tends to occur in kids with failure of passive transfer, how do they get the infection? Two answers.

A

(Acquired through milk of asymptomatic dam within the first 2 months of life or post dehorning and tail docking)

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3
Q

Of the signs of bacterial meningitis, listed below, which are specifically caused by Mycoplasma infection?

A - Opisthotonus/stiff neck
B - Nystagmus
C - Swelling of joints
D - Diarrhea
E - Convulsions
F - Pneumonia
G - Crying abnormally

A

(C and F)

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4
Q

What does the spinal fluid of animals affected with bacterial meningitis look like?

A

(Cloudy with clots)

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5
Q

What four antibiotics can be used for cases of bacterial meningitis and which are specifically used for Mycoplasma infections?

A

(Ceftiofur (4-5 mg/kg IV QID), Nuflor (20 mg/kg IM), tetracycline (10 mg/kg IV), and Tylan (10 mg/kg IV), tetracycline and Tylan are abx of choice for Mycoplasma bacterial meningitis)

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6
Q

What is adequate colostrum intake for small ruminants?

A

(10-20% of their body weight within the first 12 hours)

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7
Q

Within what time period does aseptic meningitis occur post thermal dehorning?

A

(8-24 hours)

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8
Q

What is the most apparent clinical sign of caprine arthritis encephalitis in kids?

A

(Progressive rear limb ataxia, will be afebrile and BAR, condition will progress to tetraplegia, facial paralysis, and opisthotonus)

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9
Q

Listeriosis tends to live in material with a pH above what value such as spoiled silage, residual hay at round bale feeders, spoiled feed in feed bunks, and wet pastures or boggy soil?

A

(pH above 4.8)

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10
Q

Of the clinical signs for Listeria, listed below, which may not be present at the time of examination?

A - Depression and anorexia
B - Dysphagia, protruding tongue, drooling
C - Head tilt +/- walking in circles
D - Fever
E - Lack of menace and palpebral reflexes
F - Nystagmus, ear droop
G - Upper respiratory obstruction

A

(D)

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11
Q

What antibiotics can be used to treat Listeria and how long do you need to administer them?

A

(Procaine penicillin (22-44,000 IU/kg BID), oxytetracycline (5-10 mk/kg IV BID), or florfenicol (20 mg/kg IM SID); treat for a minimum of 10 days)

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12
Q

What is the causative agent of cerebrospinal nematodiasis?

A

(Parelaphostrongylus tenuis)

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13
Q

(T/F) The neurological clinical manifestations of P. tenuis infections (ataxia, paresis, knuckling) are accompanied by a change in mentation (dull, depressed).

A

(F, animals will be bright and alert, will eat and try to get up)

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14
Q

What dewormers should be used to treat P. tenuis infections?

A

(Some sort of macrocyclic lactone
(Dr. P mentions ivermectin, doramectin, and moxidectin (500 ug/kg then 200 ug/kg for 5 days) and fenbendazole (15 mg/kg for 3-5 days))

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15
Q

What deficiency or what toxicity causes polioencephalomalacia?

A

(Thiamine deficiency or sulfide toxicity)

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16
Q

Which of the following is NOT a clinical sign associated with scrapie infections?

A - Apprehensiveness, loss of herding instinct
B - Clumsy gait
C - Aggression
D - Head and body tremors
E - Dysphagia, drooling
F - Ataxia, wide based stance
G - Droopy ears

A

(E)

17
Q

What occurs to QQ, QR, and RR animals when a scrapie positive animal is identified from their birth cohort?

A

(QQ (susceptible) and QR (resistant but not entirely) are euthanized, RR (resistant) are kept and should be bred)

18
Q

How are animals infected with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?

A

(Organism enters through a wound → tail docking, castration, ear tagging, shearing, bites from external parasites, and barnyard hazards such as nails, board, etc.)

19
Q

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis causes abscesses that are typically external in goats/sheep (choose) and internal in goats/sheep (choose).

A

(External in goats, internal in sheep)

20
Q

In addition to treating goats or sheep with caseous lymphadenitis with penicillin (10,000 IU/lb BID for 4-6 weeks), what can be infused directly into the abscesses?

A

(Iodine, formaldehyde in pet goats)