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Year 12 F Block > CV System - The heart and Cardiac Conduction System > Flashcards

CV System - The heart and Cardiac Conduction System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of systole

A

the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle - the ventricles contract and pump blood to the arteries(Right Ventricle to the pulmonary artery and lungs, Left Ventricle to the aorta and the body)

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2
Q

what is the definition of diastole

A

Term used to describe the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle. The heart ventricles are relaxed and fill with blood

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3
Q

what vein carries blood back to the heart

A

superior vena cava (delivers deoxygenated blood from any part above the heart)inferior vena cava (delivers deoxygenated blood from any part below the heart)

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4
Q

what chamber in the heart does the both vena cava’s empty into

A

right atrium

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5
Q

what artery takes blood to the rest of the body

A

aorta

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6
Q

what prevents the backflow of blood

A

valves

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7
Q

what are the three valves in the heart

A

tricuspid valvebicuspid valvesemilunar valves

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8
Q

what is the sheet of cardiac muscle between both ventricles called

A

inter-ventricular septum

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9
Q

why does the left side of the heart have more cardiac muscle than the right

A

the left side holds oxygenated blood, this blood needs to be pumped to the rest of the body. the larger muscle size allows the heart to generate enough force necessary to pump the blood to the whole body

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10
Q

what is the pathway of blood

A
  1. Venae Cavae (Superior and Inferior)2. Right Atrium3. Tricuspid Valve4. Right Ventricle5. Pulmonary semilunar valve6. Pulmonary artery7. LUNGS to drop off CO2 and pick up O28. Pulmonary Veins9. Left Atrium10. Bicuspid valve11. Left ventricle12. Aortic semilunar valve13. Aorta14. BODY
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11
Q

why is a trained person resting heart rate lower than untrained person

A

cardiac hypertrophy -> heart is bigger -> pumps more blood -> larger SV ->increased size of chambers -> bigger SV -> heart doesn’t have to beat as many times

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12
Q

what is the heart conduction system

A

the system that allows the heart to produce a heart beat

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13
Q

why is the heart myogenic

A

because it has the ability to make its own electrical impulse

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14
Q

what is the first stage of the heart conduction system

A

the sinoatrial node will send an electrical impulse throughout the atria

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15
Q

what happens in the second stage of the heart conduction system

A

the impulse spreads across the atria, this will cause the atria to contract

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16
Q

what happens in the fourth stage of the heart conduction system

A

the impulse then travels through the bundle of his which then divides into two branches and then again into purkinje fibres

17
Q

what happens in the fifth and final stage of the heart conduction system

A

this allows the impulse to spread throughout the ventricles causing them to contract - also known as ventricular systole

18
Q

What are the three main mechanisms that can control the impulses from the SAN

A

Sympathetic nervous systemParasympathetic nervous systemMedulla Oblongata

19
Q

What is the sympathetic system

A

A part of the autonomic nervous system that speeds heart rate

20
Q

What is the Parasympathetic System

A

A part of the autonomic nervous system that decreases heart rate

21
Q

What is the medulla oblongata

A

The most important part of the brain as it regulates processes that keep us alive such as breathing and heart rate

22
Q

What is the ANS

A

Autonomic nervous system

23
Q

What does the ANS do

A

Determines the rate at which the SAN sends out impulses

24
Q

How does the sympathetic nervous system increase HR

A

It releases adrenaline

25
Q

What does adrenaline increase in the sympathetic nervous system

A

It increases the strength of ventricular contraction which then increases stroke volume

26
Q

In the sympathetic nervous system what does noradrenaline do

A

Aids the spread of electrical impulse throughout the heart, increasing HR

27
Q

In the sympathetic nervous system what does an increased metabolic rate cause

A

Increased CO2 and lactic acid, decrease in blood PH (more acidic)

28
Q

How are the changes of an increased metabolic rate picked up

A

By the chemoreceptors and they inform the sympathetic system to increase HR to flush out the waste products. This results in an increased cardiac output

29
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system

A

The nervous system that slows the speed of the heart down which decreases HR

30
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do to lower the heart rate

A

Releases Acetylocholine which slows the spread of impulses throughout the heart, this results in a lower heart rate

Year 12 F Block (20 decks)

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