CV System - The transportation of oxygen & VO2 Diff Flashcards

1
Q

What is plasma

A

The fluid part of blood that surrounds blood cells and transports them

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2
Q

What is haemoglobin (Hb)

A

An iron containing pigment found in red blood cells which combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin

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3
Q

What is myoglobin

A

An iron containing pigment in slow twitch muscle fibres which has a higher affinity for oxygen than Hb. It stores oxygen in the muscle fibres which can be used quickly when exercise begins

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4
Q

What is mitochondria

A

Referred to as the powerhouse of the cell as respiration and energy production occur there

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5
Q

When will haemoglobin carry four oxygen molecules

A

When the partial pressure of oxygen is high in the blood

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6
Q

Why does the oxygen dissociate from oxyhaemglobin at the muscles/respiring tissues

A

Because there is a low partial pressure of oxygen there

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7
Q

In muscles oxygen is stored by….

A

Myoglobin. Has a higher affinity for oxygen and stores oxygen for mitochondria until it is used by the muscles

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8
Q

What is the Bohr shift

A

When an increase in blood carbon dioxide and a decrease in pH results in a reduction of the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen

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9
Q

What is pH

A

A measure of acidity. Range goes from 1 to 14. Anything less than 7 indicates acidity

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10
Q

Why does the Bohr shift occur

A

The s shaped curve shifts to the right because when muscles require more oxygen, the dissociation of oxygen from haemoglobin in the blood capillaries to the muscle tissue occurs more readily

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11
Q

What three factors are responsible for the Bohr shift

A
  • increase in blood pressure- partial pressure of CO 2 - pH
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12
Q

How does increasing blood temperature affect the Bohr shift

A

when blood and muscle temperature increases during exercise, oxygen will dissociate from haemoglobin more readily

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13
Q

How does a increasing partial pressure affect the Bohr shift

A

As the level of blood CO2 rises during exercise, oxygen will dissociate faster from haemoglobin

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14
Q

How does pH affect the Bohr shift

A

More CO2 will lower pH in the blood, a drop in pH will cause oxygen to dissociate from haemoglobin more quickly

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15
Q

How does the distribution of blood flow differ at rest compared to exercise

A

The skeletal muscle require more oxygen while exercising so the body redirect blood in order to meet the oxygen demand (vascular shunting)

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16
Q

Why would a full gut have a detrimental affect performance

A

NAME?

17
Q

What is vasodilation

A

The widening of the blood vessels to increase the flow of blood into the capillaries

18
Q

What is vasoconstriction

A

The narrowing of the blood vessels to reduce the blood flow into the capillaries

19
Q

Why is redistribution of blood important

A

NAME?

20
Q

What is Arterio-venous difference

A

The difference between the oxygen content of the arterial blood arriving at the muscles and the venous blood leaving muscle

21
Q

What is the level of Arterio-venous difference at rest and exercise

A

NAME?

22
Q

How is gaseous exchange affected by an increase in Arterioles-venous difference

A

An increase affects gaseous exchange at the alveoli so more oxygen is taken in and more CO2 is removed.

23
Q

How is Arterio-venous difference improved

A

Through training

24
Q

what happens in the third stage of the heart conduction system

A

the impulse passes through the atrioventricular node where it is delayed for 0.1s to allow the atria to fully contract before the ventricles contract - this gives the ventricles time to fill with blood