SCT Actual Lecture V. Flashcards
3 Major Charachteristics of People, Bandura
They reason about the world with language (important because we are the only organism that can do this, language is constantly evolving, anything we can express can be done so in one way or another, how we form our thoughts/label emotions and conceptualize internal universe is through language)
Only creatures that can contemplate present, past, and expected or hypothetical future events (whether it is realistic or not) knowing how a person conceptualizes their past is important to understanding them currently
They reflect on themselves, thinking about themselves and their own thinking, imagine all kinds of things (relative lack of imagine plays an enormous role in what becomes of people’s lives/how they build their personality over time) ABSENT FROM BEHAVOURISM THEORY^^^, THEY DIDN’T CARE HOW PEOPLE THOUGHT (because they believed people’s thoughts didn’t influence their actions)
View of person
View the person as a relatively rational planner and “knower” who actively learns from the social world and the environment while also applying his own knowledge in order to self-regulate, plan, set goals, and reach objectives
How did Harry Stack Sullivan emphasize need for personality?
Humans are sophisticated social-problem solvers, as well as practical/everyday environment, intellectual problems, or any other kind of situations (Harry Stack Sullivan EMPHASIZED THIS ^^said that if you don’t interact with other people you don’t need a personality in the first place)
Research methods of SCT
Research is both nomothetic and idiographic
Some research focuses on groups in larger human samples, but sometimes single-case studies and biography matters
Intends to capture the idiosyncrasies of individuals
Psychology of Chance Events Ressearch
Most people have turning points in their life that come at random
Bandura’s perspective, on the basis of his own life, was that this has considerable influence on planning and direction of the life course
For many people life doesn’t turn out the way they planned–positive or negatively
Intentionality, Bandura
an intention is a representation of future courses of action to be performed; agents in our social and physical environment (however some aspects of behaviour are due to environment, admitting some of what behaviourism stated, BUT ALMOST ALL OF BEHAVIOUR IS DIRECTED BY THE PERSON, BELIEFS ABOUT OUTCOMES, VERY SIMILIAR TO ROTTER’S BEHAVIOURAL POTENTIAL/NEED POTENTIAL/REINFORCEMENT VALUE)
Beliefs, Bandura
Beliefs: held about possible future outcomes; we anticipate and seek rewarding events (BASE OUR ACTIONS ON WHAT OUTCOMES WE CAN ATTAIN –SIMILIAR TO EXPECTANCIES FROM ROTTER)
Forethought:
setting goals, anticipating consequences, selecting and creating a course of action (ALLOWS PPL TO MOTIVATE THEMSELVES, works closely with intentionality, predicting future)
Self-Reactiveness:
an agent in environment is seen as a motivator (self-reinforce ment) and self-regulator; we regulate and motivate ourselves, thinking, emotions; the regulation of motivation, affect, and action requires self-monitoring
Self-Reflectiveness:
capacity to examine one’s own thoughts and actions, evaluate the meaning of our pursuits, to evaluate one’s own thoughts and actions
Personal standards vs. Performance guidance
Performance Guidance (self-evaluation, standards of performance for yourself, can become too exaggerated–similiar to Rotter’s minimal goals
SELF-REACTIVENESS REQUIRES Personal Standards ( moral standards, merit standards)
Two types of learning recognized by Bandura
SOCIAL AND COGNITIVE
Bandura, what drives behavior?
governed by environmental factors and person variables, including thoughts and feelings
Humans are agents in their environment
An essential feature of being human is able able to influence one’s environment to intentionally make things happen by one’s actions
Bandura’s Triadic Reciprocal Determinism, Process
Behavioural factors influence environmental factors influence personal variables
ALL INFLUENCING EACH OTHER
Occuring every hour of every day of our life
We have agency within this triangle of determinism; we are agents in the environment COMPLETE CONTRAST TO BEHAVOURISM, INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM, VERY NORTH AMERICAN
Features of self-efficacy, Bandura
-subjective
-major aspect of self reflectiveness
-person’s belief in their capability to exercise some measure of control over their own functioning
-NOT general, very specific and used in specific situations
How is self-efficacy more important than reinforcement?
Self-efficacy is more powerful in determining behaviour than reinforcement value, if you don’t believe that you can exercise a certain measure of control in this specific environment, you won’t do it
If you don’t believe you can perform, you won’t do it
Based on one’s evaluation of info we have about our abilities in that context
Sources of Efficacy PVVE
Performance accomplishments: from past performance (grades, etc.)
Vicarious experiences: watch other people do it and figure that we can do it
Verbal persuasion: you verbally persuade yourself to do it, or someone else tells you can do it
Emotional arousal: TEND TO BE NEGATIVE someone tells you that you can’t do something so try to do it, anger can be a motivator, fear can be a motivator, but determination can also be a motivator (THIS ONE ISN’T NEGATIVE)
If you think you have the capacity, then you can
