dementia and Parkinson's Flashcards
definitions of dementia
progressive impairment of multiple domains of cognitive function in alert patient leading to loss of acquired skills and interference in occupational and social role
is number of cases of dementia increasing or decreasing
increasing because more people are living longer
treatable causes of dementia
vit B12 deficiency
thyroid disease
HIV, syphilis
how do we diagnose dementia
history (independent witness)
examination
investigations- bloods, CT/MRI
CSF, EEG, functional imaging, genetics
how do you examine cognitive function
memory, attention, language, not recognising faces
screening tests- (MMSE) (MOCA)
what is the commonest neurodegenerative condition
alzheimers disease
pathophysiology of Alzheimers disease
beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibillary tangles
increased risks of Alzheimers disease
smoking, obesity, diabetes, hypertension
what lobes of the brain does alzheimers disease effect
temporal and parietal lobe
early memory disturbance and language and face recognition problems
symptoms associated with front-temporal dementia
early change in personality
change in eating habits
early dysphasia
what is dementia with lewy bodies
early visuospatial and executive dysfunction
prominent fluctuation
non-pharmacological treatment
occupational therapy
social work/ support/ respite
pharmacological treatment
Treat following conditions:
insomnia
behaviour
depression
specific treatment in alzheimers and Lewy body dementia
cholinesterase inhibitors
NMDA antagonist (memantine)
symptoms of Parkinsonism
bradykinesia( slowness of movement)
rigidity
tremour
postural instability
