pharma

Question 1

define pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

what the body does to the drug

Question 1

define pharmacodynamics

Answer 1

what drug does to body

Question 2

list the 4 four pharmacokinetic processes

Answer 2

ADME

-absorption
-distribution
-metabolism
-excretion

Question 3

what is absorption

Answer 3

transfer of drug molecule from site of administration to systemic circulation

Question 4

name so local routes of administration

Answer 4

topical
intranasal
eye drops
transdermal*
inhaled*

Question 5

what are the two routes of systemic administration

Answer 5

enteral - GI tract
oral, sublingual, rectal

par-enteral- not GI tract
IV, IM, SC

Question 6

3 mechanisms for drug permeation across cell membranes

Answer 6

• passive diffusion via hydrophobic membrane, lipid soluble molecules

-passive diffusion aqueous pores, v. small h20 soluble drugs

-carrier mediated transport

Question 7

what needs to happen for an ionised drug to be absorbed into blood

Answer 7

must be unionised

Question 8

where are weak acids best absorbed

Answer 8

stomach

Question 9

where are weak bases best absorbed

Answer 9

intestine

Question 10

name 5 factors the affect oral drug absorption

Answer 10

• gastric enzymes, may digest drug molecule
• low ph, molecule may be degraded
• food, full stomach means slower absorption
  -gastric motility
  -previous surgery

Question 11

3 factors affecting oral drug absorption in the intestine

Answer 11

• drug structure
  -medicine formulation/release time
• p-glycoprotein

Question 12

define first past metabolism

Answer 12

metabolism of drugs preventing them from reaching systemic circulation

Question 13

how can you avoid first pass metabolism

Answer 13

give drugs via routes that avoid splanchnic circulation,, eg rectal

Question 14

what is bioavaliability

Answer 14

proportion of administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation