1.2 Atomic Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three atomic particles?

A

Protons, electrons, and neutrons.

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2
Q

What are their masses?

A
  • Electron: Next to 0
  • Proton: 1 amu
  • Neutron: 1 amu
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3
Q

What are their charges?

A
  • Electron: -1
  • Proton: +1
  • Neutron: 0
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4
Q

What are their locations?

A

Protons and neutrons form the nucleus
Electrons are found in the energy levels

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5
Q

What is an atomic number?

A

The number of protons in an atom (how the periodic table is arranged)

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6
Q

What is a mass number?

A

The number of protons + the number of neutrons

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7
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An atom with the same atomic number but a different mass number, meaning it is the same atom but doesn’t way the same.

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8
Q

What is relative atomic mass?

A

Average atomic mass across all naturally occuring atoms.

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9
Q

What is a neutral atom?

A

When the number of protons = the number of electrons

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10
Q

What are the properties of the alkali metals (group 1)?

A

They react rapidly with water, producing an alkaline solution and hydrogen gas. The elements become more reactive as you move down the group.

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11
Q

What are the properties of the halogens (group 7)?

A

Fl and Cl are gases, Br is liquid, and I is solid. They are all diatomic. The elements become less reactive as you move down the group.

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12
Q

What are the properties of the noble gases (group 8/0)?

A

They are very unreactive and exist as individual atoms.

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13
Q

What are the properties of the transition metals?

A

They are elements found between groups 2 and 3. They are generally dense, and many form brightly coloured compounds.

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