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Pharmacology Final Exam > Part 5 (Endocrine and analgesics) > Flashcards

Part 5 (Endocrine and analgesics) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the action of Metformin?

A

reduces production of glucose by the liver; decreases intestinal absorption to increases insulin

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2
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Metformin?

A

Type II diabetes; helps promote weight loss; 1st line of therapy

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3
Q

What is the adverse effects of Metformin?

A

lactic acidosis, dizziness, N/V, abdominal discomfort, cramping, diarrhea

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4
Q

What is BBW for Metformin?

A

risk of lactic acidosis in those over 80 years of age

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5
Q

What is the contraindications for Metformin?

A

older adults over 80 years old, hx of lactic acidosis

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6
Q

What is the nursing actions for Metformin?

A

assess renal function; monitor for muscle cramps

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7
Q

What is the patient teaching for Metformin?

A

take with meals; low cost; no hypoglycemia effects

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8
Q

what is the acting time of Humulin R?

A

short-acting

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9
Q

What is the onset of Humulin R?

A

30 mins - 1hr

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10
Q

What is the peak of Humulin R?

A

2-3 hrs

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11
Q

What is the duration of Humulin R?

A

5-7 hrs

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12
Q

What is the action rate of Humulin N (NPH)?

A

intermediate action

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13
Q

What is the onset of Humulin N (NPH)?

A

1-1.5hrs

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14
Q

What is the peak time of Humulin N (NPH)?

A

8 - 12 hrs

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15
Q

What is the Duration of Humulin N (NPH)?

A

18 - 24 hrs

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16
Q

What is action rate for Insulin Glargine?

A

long-acting

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17
Q

What is the onset of Insulin Glargine?

A

1 hr

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18
Q

What is the peak time for Insulin Glargine?

A

there is none

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19
Q

What is the duration of Insulin Glargine?

A

24hrs

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20
Q

what are symptoms for Hypoglycemia?

A

tachycardia, diaphoresis, fatigue, excessive hunger, tremors, anxiety, confusion, blurred vision, LOC

21
Q

What are symptoms for Hyperglycemia?

A

polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria

22
Q

What is the action of Glucagon?

A

raises blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to convert glycogen into glucose; opposes insulin

23
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Glucagon?

A

Tx of hypoglycemic episodes

24
Q

What are the contraindications for Glucagon?

A

depleted glycogen stores such as in starvation, adrenal insufficiency, or chronic hypoglycemia

25
Q

what is the nursing actions for Glucagon?

A

admin parenteral glucagon if hypoglycemic patient is unconscious

26
Q

what is the action of Levothyroxine?

A

increase the metabolic rate in the bodies tissue

27
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Levothyroxine?

A

replacement therapy for hypothyroidism

28
Q

What are the adverse effects of Levothyroxine?

A

tachycardia, dysrhythmias, angina, MI, HF (nervousness/anxiety, weight loss)

29
Q

What are the contraindications of Levothyroxine?

A

euthyroid people, thyrotoxicosis, acute MI related to hypothyroidism

30
Q

What is the patient teaching for Levothyroxine?

A

take on empty stomach; be consistent with timing; lifelong therapy

31
Q

What is the action of Propylthiouracil (PTU)

A

inhibits production of thyroid hormones and peripheral conversion of T4 to the active T3

32
Q

What is the therapeutic use for Propylthiouracil (PTU)?

A

hyperthyroidism

33
Q

What is the adverse effect of Propylthiouracil?

A

bradycardia, heart failure, anemia, leukopenia, rash, HA, dizziness, N/V, abdominal discomfort, edema

34
Q

What are the contraindications for Propylthiouracil?

A

not recommended for children

35
Q

What is the nursing actions for Propylthiouracil?

A

assess liver functions, monitor weight; monitor BP and HR (they should start to decrease over time)

36
Q

What drug class is Morphine Sulfate in?

A

opioids

37
Q

What is the action of Morphine Sulfate?

A

binds to receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral tissue to block or decrease transmission of pain impulses.

38
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Morphine Sulfate?

A

prevent or relieve acute or chronic pain

39
Q

What are the adverse effects of Morphine Sulfate?

A

CNS depression, respiratory depression, N/V, pupil constriction, decreased GI mobility

40
Q

What are the contraindications for Morphine Sulfate?

A

respiratory depression, acute/chronic lung disease, pregnancy, head injury

41
Q

What is the BBW for Morphine Sulfate?

A

combined use of opioid analgesic with benzodiazepines - risk of serious adverse reactions

42
Q

What are the nursing actions for Morphine Sulfate?

A

assess pain, monitor RR, naloxone is the antidote

43
Q

What is the patient teaching for Morphine Sulfate?

A

avoid depressants

44
Q

What is Propofol?

A

general anesthesia

45
Q

What is the action of Propofol?

A

blocks perception of pain by causing amnesia, euphoria, and hypnotic

46
Q

What is the therapeutic use for Propofol?

A

induction and maintenance of general anesthesia

47
Q

What are the adverse effects of Propofol?

A

pain, burning or stinging at the IV site, hiccups, and myoclonic movements.

48
Q

What are the contraindications for Propofol?

A

allergy to soybean or any soy products, egg or egg products

Pharmacology Final Exam (5 decks)

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