The state and Globalisation Flashcards
a academic that believed war would become a thing of the past and why?
1992 japanese academic Francais Fukyuyama published the end of history and the last man
- war would eventually become a thing of the past
- rise in liberal democracies - unwillingness to engage in conflict
- close connectivity between democracies evolve to challenge primacy of state
- EU = provide a model for future relations between states undemining the authority of nation states
an example of the hightening of liberal democracies in this era (1992)
- popularity of the economic principles of the washington concensus encouraged trust and cooperation among the states
- even in china it seemed that free market reforms woiuld so empower a new middle class that they would demand democratic reforms to challenge communist rule
argument against - “ rise in liberal democracies resulting in the end of war”
( 3 examples)
- internet provided oppertunities for the intergration of people across the world through shared online experiences
eg: television network RT (formally russian today) deploys its global outreach not to break down barriers but to provide Russian Nationalism with a global audience
eg: in 2020 the United Kindom fully reclaimed its sovreignty from the European Union. Whilst EU member states like Hungary and Poland have undergone a nationalist sentiment
eg: the US Trump administartion (2017-2020) won huge support among large swathes of Americans with its commitment to put the nationalist interests of the US first
quote about the state from dutch scholar Hugo Grotius
the state is ‘ a complete assosiation of free men, joined together for the enjoyment of rights and for their common interest”
pro - state argument
Thomas Hobbes and Jean Bodin argued that adherence to the authority of the sovreign ststae provided the most effective way of protectingf society from man kinds potential anarchy
why does Thomas Hobbes believe in the state so much?
hobbes had first - hand experience of the destruction wrought by the english civil war, grew appreciative of the states aboility to control its subjects, providing peace and stability
The westphallian state system
The peace of westphalia in 1648 - ended the 30 years war = particularly important in the development of the principle state of sovreignty. ended Holy Roman Emperors claim to pocess authority over virtually independednt german states. Each individual state = sovreign + established the principle of territoy integrity of affairs
what was the theory of sovreign equality that Westphillia also defined
-No state has the legal right to intervene in the sovreign affairs of anouther state
- Al states. whatever size, pocess the legal right to independemce
when did the westphillian priciples dominate
during the 20th century
an example of a leader honouring the westphillian principles
US president Woodrow Wilson established the principle that nation- state sovreignty should be founded upon the right of self-determination based on shared ethnic heritage. this led to the creation of new states such as Austria, Hungary and Poland after WW1
What convention determined the attributes of a nation state
The Montevideo convention (1933)
what did the Montevideo convetion say states must pocess
- a defied territory
- a permenant population
- a viable government
- the capacity to enter into diplomatic relation with other states
what did the Montevideo convention allow states to do
Pocess a monopoly of law making powers within its borders while outside interference could not legally change a states borders
explain post WW2 decolonisation
- old colonial empires dismantled
- new independent nation states were establishes across a developing world
1989-1991
- as communism collapsed throughout the eastern wor;d, europe, new nation states, including 15 constituent parts of the soviet Union were established based upon woodrow wilsons principles of self determination
what are nation states and why are they so important
nation states are a community bound together by citizenship
- nationality and culture therfore became increasingly powerful in global politics
- article 2 od chapter 1 of the Un Charter recognises this fact that by noting that ‘ The organization is based on the principle of sovreign equality of all its members”