Social Renaissance 4

Question 1

Dissemination

Answer 1

Spread information

Question 2

Excommunication

Answer 2

Official exclusion from catholic church

Question 3

Heresy

Answer 3

Opposing church tecniques

Question 4

Scientific Method

Answer 4

Process of making observations, experimenting, & drawing, conclusions, based on evidence
-Beginning of Renaissance you were not encouraged to ask questions, if you wanted to study you would have to read classical & islamic scholars books

Question 5

Indulgences

Answer 5

Reduce time to be punished for sins after death

Question 6

Allegory

Answer 6

-Characters and events symbolically express deeper moral/political meaning
-Used in paintings cause most people were illiterate

Question 7

Spread of Ideas

Answer 7

-New ideas & knowledge in Renaissance(spread to rest of Europe)
-Ideas were spread at universities, royal courts, and by travelling celebrities at start of Renaissance

Question 8

Mathematics

Answer 8

-Da Vinci & others believed it was basic tool for understanding universe
-Ancient works were studied with new attention
-Important in changing economy and used by merchants

Question 9

Medicine

Answer 9

-Doctors/midwives had little knowledge about anatomy & disease
-Remedies based on astrology, superstition, etc…
-Medical knowledge increased with Renaissance(using scientific method)

Question 10

Anatomy

Answer 10

-Dissection was made legal during Renaissance
-Dissection was very controversial/discouraged by church up until Renaissance

Question 11

Astronomy

Answer 11

-Most people believed sun went around Earth
-Europeans believed god put Earth at center of universe
-Theorists threatened worldview

Question 12

Nicolaus Copernicus

Answer 12

-Discovered Earth is a planet that moves around stationary sun
-Based ideas on Greek astronomers

Question 13

Johannes Kepher

Answer 13

-Discovered planets travelled in elliptical orbit
-Based on Ptolemy’s & Copernicus systems (using math)

Question 14

Galileo Galilei

Answer 14

-Built telescope & studied objects in sky
-Saw creators, mountain on moon, stars, milky way, Jupiter’s moons

Question 15

Fillipo Bruneshi

Answer 15

-Rediscovered perspective using architecture
-Used perspective drawing to show how buildings would look
-Applied mathematical principles to develop technique

Question 16

Political & Religious Leaders

Answer 16

-Fights for power throughout Europe
-Resulted in desire for strong leadership (bring peace & stability, allowing business & art to prosper)

Question 17

Isabella D’Este

Answer 17

-Received classical education
-Married Duke of Mantua, ruled city-state in his absence and listened to civilians on important issues the wrote/informed Duke of events
-Became strong & effective leader
-“1st Lady of the World”

Question 18

Nicolo Machiavelli

Answer 18

-Humanist with surprising ideals
-Had controversial ideas of leadership & power (didn’t think ideas of right & wrong were important, described state as secular)
-His book “The Prince” was a very
controversial & political text
-Not everyone appreciated his views

Question 19

Changes in Church leadership

Answer 19

-During Renaissance & Middle Ages Church was very important(business & politics)
-Many church leaders felt responsible for more than religious well-being (took advantage of position)
-People complained & questioned church motives

Question 20

Savanrola

Answer 20

-Monk & unofficial political leader
-Fought church corruption
-Criticisms didn’t have any results

Question 21

Martin Luther

Answer 21

-Humanist german monk
-Thought bible should be christians spiritual guide
-Wrote, printed, distributed 95 Theses(criticized church)
-Refused to give up ideals (excommunicated)
-Published translation of bible in German
-Started protestant religion

Question 22

Catholic-Counter Reformation

Answer 22

-Lost authority & membership cus of protestant reformation
-Church removed corrupted clergy members & gave priests better education
-Religious orders focused on converting

Question 23

Printing Press

Answer 23

-At start of Renaissance most were illiterate(know Latin/Greek)
-Books were very expensive
-Johannes Gutenberg invented printing press(produced millions of books in Europe)
-Allowed exchange of ideas & knowledge
-Middle class read, discussed, & wrote