Chapter 16 Respiratory Emergencies

Question 1

what is dyspnea

Answer 1

Shortness of breath

Question 2

What is the Diaphragm

Answer 2

it expands and contracts to allow air in and out of the lungs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0PyDEna7qs0&ab_channel=ColumbiaUniversityDepartmentofSurgery

Question 3

In healthy lungs, this exchange of gases takes place

Answer 3

rapidly at the level of the alveoli

Question 4

When breathing

Answer 4

Oxygen is provided to the blood, and carbon dioxide is removed from it

Question 5

When the brainstem senses the level of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood, what does it do

Answer 5

1. If the level of carbon dioxide drops too low, the person automatically breathes at a slower rate and less deeply.
2. If the level of carbon dioxide rises above normal, the person breathes more rapidly and more deeply.

Question 6

The proper exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide can be hindered by (list 4)

Answer 6

1. Abnormal or pathologic conditions in the anatomy of the airway
2. Disease processes
3. Traumatic conditions
4. Abnormalities in the pulmonary vessels

Question 7

What is Hypoxic drive

Answer 7

Instead of breathing bc of a build-up of C02 (carbon dioxide) the patient is breathing bc of a lack of oxygen. If you give such a patient too much oxygen you can cause their body to register enough oxygen and stop breathing

Question 8

Patients often have difficulty breathing and/or hypoxia with the following conditions (list 8)

Answer 8

a. Pulmonary edema
b. Hay fever
c. Pleural effusion
d. Obstruction of the airway
e. Hyperventilation syndrome
f. Environmental/industrial exposure
g. Carbon monoxide poisoning
h. Drug overdose

Question 9

Be aware that one or more of the following situations may exist in the dyspneic patient (list 5)

Answer 9

1. Gas exchange is obstructed by fluid in the lung, infection, or collapsed alveoli.
2. The alveoli are damaged and cannot transport gases properly across their own walls.
3. The air passages are obstructed by muscle spasm, mucus, or weakened, floppy airway walls.
4. Blood flow to the lungs is obstructed by blood clots.
5. The pleural space is filled with air or excess fluid, so the lungs cannot properly expand.

Question 10

Congestive heart failure causes the heart to

Answer 10

pump inefficiently and deprives the body of oxygen

Question 11

Severe pain can cause a patient to

Answer 11

experience rapid, shallow breathing without the presence of a primary pulmonary dysfunction

Question 12

What is the AVPU scale

Answer 12

Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive

Question 13

What is the PASTE assessment

Answer 13

is a specific alternative assessment for a complaint of shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.

a. Progression
b. Associated chest pain
c. Sputum
d. Talking tiredness
e. Exercise tolerance

Question 14

Only proceed with secondary assessment if

Answer 14

life threats have been addressed and treated

Question 15

What is copd

Answer 15

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common lung disease causing restricted airflow and breathing problems. It is sometimes called emphysema or chronic bronchitis.

i. Are usually older than 50 years of age
ii. Often have a history of lung problems
iii. Are almost always long-term active or former cigarette smokers
iv. Complain of tightness in the chest and constant fatigue
v. Chest may have a barrel-like appearance.
vi. Often use accessory muscles to breathe
vii. Exhibit abnormal breath sounds
viii. Often exhale through pursed lips
ix. Have digital clubbing (abnormal enlargement of the ends of the fingers)

Question 16

what is epiglottitis

Answer 16

A potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when the tissue protecting the windpipe becomes inflamed.
Epiglottitis is commonly caused by an infection. The resulting inflammation causes swelling, which blocks air to the lungs.
Symptoms often include shortness of breath, difficulty swallowing and sore throat. Fever is commonly seen in cases of infection.
When an infection is present, treatment includes antibiotics. A breathing tube and ventilator may be required in severe cases.

Do not attempt to suction the airway or place an oropharyngeal airway in a patient with suspected epiglottitis.

Question 17

what is Acute pulmonary edema

Answer 17

A buildup of fluid in your lungs. A main cause of pulmonary edema is congestive heart failure. It can occur due to nonheart-related conditions, too. Symptoms include shortness of breath and difficulty breathing. Sudden (acute) pulmonary edema requires immediate treatment.

Question 18

What to do for Acute pulmonary edema (list 5)

Answer 18

1. Provide 100% oxygen.
2. Suction, if necessary.
3. Position comfortably.
4. Provide CPAP if indicated and allowed by protocol.
5. Transport promptly.

Question 19

A conscious and alert 29-year-old female with a history of asthma complains of difficulty breathing that began after her morning jog. The temperature outside is 40°F (5°C). On exam, you hear bilateral expiratory wheezing. After providing supplemental oxygen, you should:

Answer 19

determine if she has been prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler.

beta-agonist inhaler:
Beta2-agonists (bronchodilators) are a group of drugs prescribed to treat asthma. Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) provide quick relief of asthma symptoms. They can also be prescribed to be taken before exercising in order to prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction

Question 20

A pleural effusion is a

Answer 20

buildup of fluid outside the lung

Question 21

Albuterol is the generic name for

Answer 21

Ventolin (Proventil)

Question 22

Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when

Answer 22

blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing

Question 23

At the onset of an Asthma attack patients experience

Question 24

acute hyperventilation syndrome signs and symptoms

Question 25

Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sounds are characteristic of

Answer 25

stridor

Stridor is noisy breathing that occurs due to obstructed air flow through a narrowed airway. Stridor breathing is not in and of itself a diagnosis, but rather is a symptom or sign that points to a specific airway disorder

Question 26

when assessing auscultation of lung sounds you should quizlet

Answer 26

start at the lower lung fields and determine at which level you start hearing clear breath sounds

Question 27

When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds

Answer 27

This means that the patient has: abnormal breath sounds

Question 28

which of the following conditions would be least likely to result in hypoxia quizlet

1. sever anxiety
2. pleural effusion
3. pulmonary edema
4. narcotic overdose

Answer 28

1. sever anxiety

Question 29

what is pulse oximetry

Answer 29

Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive method for monitoring a person’s blood oxygen saturation. Peripheral oxygen saturation readings are typically within 2% accuracy of the more accurate reading of arterial oxygen saturation from arterial blood gas analysis

The pulse oximeter is a valuable assessment tool that measures the percentage of red blood cells that contain hemoglobin molecules