Renal Physiology part 3

Question 1

The antagonist to the angiotensin pathway because it DECREASES BLOOD VOLUME______

Renin converts
____
to
____
to
____
Causes arteries to constrict. Decreases filtration rate. Increases Thirst

which turns into:
____ nephron distal tubules reabsorb more water
____ increases sodium reabsorption in the kidney. Insertion of aquaporins.

Answer 1

ANP Atrial Natriuetic factor

Angiotensin
to
Angiotensin I
to
Angiotensin II

which turns into:
Aldosterone
ADH

Question 2

____ made in the hypothalamus released in the posterior pituitary

____ made by the liver

____ made by atrial cells in the heart

____ is produced by the adrenal glands

____ produced by the kidney

Answer 2

ADH
Angiotensin
ANP (ANTAGONIST)
Aldosterone
Renin

Question 3

TUBULAR REABSORPTION

1 _______
occurs in:
Exchanges:

2 ______
occurs in:
Exchanges:

3 _____
occurs in:
Exchanges:

4 ____
occurs in:
Exchanges:

5 _____
occurs in:
Exchanges:

Answer 3

TUBULAR REABSORPTION

1 Proximal tubule
occurs in: Cortex
Exchanges: Nutrients, NaCl H+ NH3

2 Descending limb of loop of henle
occurs in: Outer Medulla
Exchanges: H2O

3 Thin Segment of ascending limb to Thick segment
occurs in: Inner Medulla to Outer Medulla
Exchanges: NaCl

4 Distal tubule
occurs in: Cortex
Exchanges: NAcl K+ H+

5 Collecting duct
occurs in: Inner medulla
Exchange: Urea H2O

Question 4

TUBULAR REABSORPTION

What is removed from filtrate?

Descending Limb in contrast to interstitial fluid (high osmolarity)

Ascending Limb in contrast to interstitial fluid (high osmolarity)

Answer 4

In Descending Limb, water is removed

In Ascending Limb, salt is removed

Question 5

TUBULAR SECRETION

Importance:
1

2

3

4

Answer 5

1) Dispose substances like drugs and toxins

2) Eliminate undesirable substances reabsorbed like urea and uric

3) Removing excessive potassium ions

4) Controlling blood pH

Question 6

Regulation of Kidney Function

1) ____ enhances fluid retention by maaking kidneys reclaim more water

2) ___ an increase in blood volume and pressure

Answer 6

1) ADH

2) Renin-angiostenin-aldoterone system (RAAS)

Question 7

When you are thirsty ___ is quite high, so you need to drink to reduce it

Another way is to tell the Hypothalamus to release ___ to increase permeability to cause more H2O reabsorption
____ can inhibit it.

Answer 7

Blood osmolarity

Antidiuretic hormone ADH
Alcohol

Question 8

Review

What are the three functions of a Nephron?

Answer 8

Glomerular filtration

Tubular reabsorption

Tubular Secretion

Question 9

The purpose of the kidneys is to concentrate the ___ in the kidneys to produce ___ that has a HIGHER OSMOLARITY than BLOOD

Urine is ___
Blood is ___

Answer 9

Filtrate
Urine

Urine 1000
Blood 300

Question 10

Order of excretory system(6)

Answer 10

Bowman’s capsule

Proximal convoluted tubule

Descending loop of Henle

Ascending loop of Henle

Distal convoluted tubule

Colelcting duct

Question 11

____ contains ___ to detect the salt/water ratio in the blood which causes the production of ___ if body is dehydrated

____ like alcohol, cofffee, and tea increase urine flow. They inhibit ADH

Answer 11

Hypothalamus
Osmoreceptors
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Diuretic

Question 12

Absence of ADH:

Presence of ADH:

Answer 12

Large volume DILUTE urine

Small volume CONCENTRATED urine

Question 13

_____ flow in opposite directions. It is a ____ mechanism.

The more salt the ascending limb extrudes, the more concentrated will be the fluid delivered to it from the descending limb. This multiplies the concentration of interstitial fluid.

Answer 13

Countercurrent multiplier system

Possitive feedback mechanism