Final 7 (Attention and Perception)

Question 1

Cognition depends on heteromodal association cortices, the parietal cortex ______________ to complex stimuli, the temporal cortex ___________ the stimuli, and the frontal cortex __________ to stimuli.

Answer 1

Parietal cortex: attends
Temporal cortex: identifies
Frontal cortex: responds

Question 2

Attention prioritizes some stimuli over others, true or false?

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Focusing on one domain above others

Answer 3

Selective attention

Question 4

Sustained attention involves:
1. _______________
2. _______________
3. _______________

Answer 4

1. Concentration
2. Non-distractibility
3. Vigilance

Question 5

Attention is lateralized to the ______ hemisphere.

Answer 5

right

Question 6

Which hemisphere is described by these functions:

Speech, language, and comprehension

Answer 6

Left

Question 7

Which hemisphere is described by these functions:

Spatial ability, context and perception

Answer 7

Right

Question 8

Neglect is most commonly seen from a deficit in which hemisphere?

Answer 8

Right (left neglect)

Question 9

Denial of symptoms (somatosagnosia) is common in contralateral neglect, true or false?

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Sustained attention can be directed at:

Answer 10

• Task
• Object
• Modality

Question 11

Explain the role of the anterior cingulate cortex and limbic pathways in attention

Answer 11

Motivational aspects of attention.

Motivation directed and sustained attention towards interesting stimulus.

Question 12

Explain the role of the neuromodulatory systems in attention

Answer 12

Maintain and alert/awake state.

If you are not awake, you are not attending.

Question 13

Explain the role of the parietal association cortex (+ the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus) in attention

Answer 13

Selective attention and neglect.

Question 14

Explain the role of the frontal association cortex (+the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus) in attention

Answer 14

Sustained and selective attention, and frontal eye fields.

Question 15

Impairments in attention are often a hallmark sign of a traumatic brain injury, the location of an injury affecting attention is likely where in the brain? Affecting what type of attention?

Answer 15

Frontal lobe affecting selective and sustained attention

Question 16

The three broad regions of the frontal cortex associated with attention include:

Answer 16

1. Lateral pre-frontal cortex
2. Orbito-frontal cortex
3. Anterior cingulate cortex

Question 17

Frontal cortex functions in attention and perception involve:
1.
2.
3.

Answer 17

1. Restraint: inhibition of inappropriate behavior
2. Initiative: motivation to pursue positive or productive activities
3. Order: capacity to correctly perform sequencing tasks and other cognitive operations

Question 18

What function of the frontal cortex oversees the following?
- Judgement
- Foresight
- Perseverance
- Delaying gratification
- Inhibiting socially inappropriate responses
- Self-governance
- Concentration

Answer 18

Restraint

Question 19

What function of the frontal cortex oversees the following?
- Curiosity
- Spontaneity
- Motivation
- Drive
- Creativity
- Shifting cognitive set
- Mental flexibility
- Personality

Answer 19

Initiative

Question 20

What function of the frontal cortex oversees the following?
- Abstract thinking
- Working memory
- Perspective talking
- Planning
- Insight
- Organization
- Sequencing
- Temporal order

Answer 20

Order

Question 21

The following is describing damage to which area/region of the brain?
- May appear unremarkable at first
- Perception, language, memory and motor abilities typically unimpaired
- Profound inability to carry out simple activities

Answer 21

Frontal cortex

Question 22

Lesions in the frontal cortex may affect the function of restraint, this may result in what type of symptoms?

Answer 22

• Disinhibition
• Impulsivity
• Say the first thing that come to mind (even if inappropriate)
• Reach out to touch/grab things (even if inappropriate)
• May attempt to stand up even if physically unable
• Continue to make “bad” choices even when they recognize that these actions are harmful
• Stimulus bound attention
• Perseveration

Question 23

Lesions in the frontal cortex may affect the function of initiative, this may result in what type of symptoms?

Answer 23

• Inability to self-initiate tasks
• Deficits with mental flexibility (selecting an alternative action if typical action is unavailable)

Question 24

Lesions in the frontal cortex may affect the function of order, this may result in what type of symptoms?

Answer 24

• Decrease insight/awareness of impairments
• Deficits with working memory (confabulation)
• Deficits with abstraction