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AP Human Geography > AP Human Units 1-4 terms quiz > Flashcards

AP Human Units 1-4 terms quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Cultural ecology

A

the study of human adaptation to social and physical environments

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2
Q

Environmental determinism

A

a theory that stated human behaviours are a direct result of the surrounding environment

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3
Q

Possibilism

A

The landscape may limit the person, but the person can always get past the landscape

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4
Q

Sequent occupance

A

Different societies over time leave their cultural marks on a location, which creates its cultural landscape. This shows how humans and nature interact with each other.

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5
Q

GIS

A

computer-based tools used to store, visualize, analyze, and interpret geographic data.

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6
Q

GPS

A

uses the Earth’s latitude and longitude coordinates to determine an exact location.

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7
Q

Meridian

A

the line on a map between the North and South poles.

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8
Q

Complementarity

A

When two regions specifically satisfy each other’s needs through exchange of raw materials and or finished goods.

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9
Q

Anthropogenic

A

Human-induced changes on the natural environment.

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10
Q

Aggregation

A

To come together into a mass, sum, or whole.

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11
Q

Cultural landscape

A

Cultural Landscape is what humans do to the natural landscape. This could including building roads, churches, and homes.

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12
Q

Nomothetic

A

a feature that is universally applicable across a multitude of regions- a trait that is not specific to one group

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13
Q

Site

A

the exact location of a city

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

Site

A

the exact location of a city

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16
Q

Situation

A

The situation of a city relates to its surrounding features, both human-made and natural

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17
Q

Parallel

A

a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians

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18
Q

Isoline

A

Maps that display lines connecting areas with the same value.

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19
Q

Proportional symbols map

A

A Thematic map that uses symbols to show the size or number of something in different places. The symbols represent how big or how many there are, compared to each other.

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20
Q

Globalization

A

The expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to the point that they become global in scale and impact.

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21
Q

Idiographic

A

a feature that is unique to a particular geographic region.

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22
Q

Geoid

A

The actual shape of the earth, which is rough and oblate, or slightly squashed.

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23
Q

Greenwich Mean Time

A

the time at the prime meridian - the master reference time for all points on Earth.

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24
Q

Remote sensing

A

the process of taking pictures of the Earth’s surface from satellites (or, earlier, airplanes) to provide a greater understanding of the Earth’s geography over large distances.

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25
Q

Scale

A

an essential geographic tool for creating and interpreting maps.

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26
Q

Choropleth

A

a special-purpose map that uses color to show population density

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27
Q

Doubling time

A

the time required for a population to double in size

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28
Q

Replacement level

A

the level of fertility at which populations replace themselves

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29
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The largest population that an area can support

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30
Q

Interregional migration patterns

A

Permanent movement from one region of a country to another.

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31
Q

Rural-urban migration patterns

A

Permanent movement from suburbs and rural area to the urban city area.

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32
Q

Intervening obstacles

A

Any forces or factors that may limit human migration.

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33
Q

Intervening opportunities

A

The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away. - There is a closer option that makes other places less appealing.

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34
Q

Counterurbanization

A

Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.

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35
Q

Critical distance

A

the distance beyond which cost, effort, and means strongly influence our willingness to travel

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36
Q

Demographic momentum

A

this is the tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution. - This means that when the number of children born in a population decreases, but there are still many young people in that population, it can still continue to grow.

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37
Q

J-curve

A

a growth curve that depicts exponential growth

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38
Q

S-curve

A

a curve that depicts logistic growth; shape of an “S”

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38
Q

Reverse remittances

A

money an immigrants family send to them in their new country

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39
Q

Remittances

A

Money immigrants send back to their family for their new country

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40
Q

Guest workers

A

a foreign worker who has been temporarily aloud to work in a host country.

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41
Q

Kinship links

A

types of push and pull factors that influence a migrant’s decision to go where family or friends have already found success.

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42
Q

Transhumance

A

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.

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43
Q

Dependency ratio

A

The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people actively working

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44
Q

Elderly dependency ratio

A

the number of persons aged 65 or older per 100 persons of working age

45
Q

Youth dependency ratio

A

The ratio of the number of people 0-14 to those 15-64 years of age

46
Q

Epidemiology

A

a field of study that looks at patterns of health and disease within a population.

47
Q

Epidemiologic transition

A

distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

48
Q

Eugenics

A

the “science” of improving the human population by encouraging only a specific group of people to breed

49
Q

Quotas

A

Established limits by governments on the number of immigrants who can enter a country each year

50
Q

Asylum

A

the protection from oppression or hardship offered by another country.

51
Q

Repatriation

A

A refugee or group of refugees returning to their home country, usually with the assistance of government or a non-governmental organization.

52
Q

Mobility transition model

A

Geographer Wilbur Zelinsky found that migration patterns are consistent and important for a country’s development.

53
Q

Ecumene

A

land that is permanently populated by human society.

54
Q

Crude birth rate

A

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

55
Q

Crude death rate

A

The number of deaths per year per 1,000 people.

56
Q

Acculturation

A

The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another.

57
Q

Assimilation

A

When people interact with a different society or culture, they often start to adopt similar ways of dressing, speaking, and behaving. This makes them lose their original unique traits.

58
Q

Multiculturalism

A

multiple cultures occupying one place

59
Q

Neolocalism

A

people who try to create a new local culture

60
Q

Syncretism

A

the blending of cultural traits from two different cultures into a new trait.

61
Q

Cultural determinism

A

the belief that people’s interactions with a culture shape them as people.

61
Q

Taboo

A

A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom.

62
Q

Placelessness

A

the loss of uniqueness of place in the cultural.

62
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

the feeling that one’s own ethnic group is superior.

63
Q

Ethnic cleansing

A

when a people group commits mass expulsion or mass killing of a particular ethnic group whom they do not want to exist either in a particular region or in the world as a whole.

64
Q

Centripetal force

A

a force that brings people together

65
Q

Centrifugal force

A

a force that tears people apart

66
Q

Cultural shatterbelt

A

A place that is in danger because of fights between places nearby or between countries in the area, and because of outside powerful countries getting involved.

67
Q

Apartheid

A

Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.

68
Q

Isogloss

A

a boundary line between two distinct linguistic regions.

69
Q

Creole

A

languages formed by the combination of two or more languages.

70
Q

Pidgin

A

Mixing two or more languages together to create a flexible and ever-changing way of speaking.

70
Q

Extinct language

A

language without any native speakers

70
Q

Norms

A

rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members

70
Q

Endangered language

A

a language that is no longer taught to children by their parents and is not used for everyday conversation

70
Q

Animism

A

Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and life

70
Q

Polyglot

A

a speaker of many languages

70
Q

Cosmogony

A

A theory of the origin of the universe

70
Q

Hierarchical religion

A

A religion in which a central authority exercises a high degree of control.

71
Q

Autonomous religion

A

A religion that does not have a central authority but shares ideas and cooperates informally. - A religion without a boss, where people just share ideas and work together casually.

71
Q

Indigenous religions

A

A religion that is native to a place or region (Shintoism in Japan)

71
Q

Zionism

A

the movement to unite Jewish people of the diaspora and establish a nation homeland for them in the promised land

71
Q

Shamanism

A

The practice of identifying special individuals (shamans) who will interact with spirits for the benefit of the community.

71
Q

Sikhism

A

the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century
founded by Guru Nanak
combining elements of Hinduism and Islam.

71
Q

Median-line principal

A

The idea that a country’s borders in the ocean should be divided in a way that is fair and equal, keeping the same distance from the neighboring countries’ shores.

71
Q

Zoroastrianism

A

One of the first monotheistic religions, particularly one with a wide following. It was central to the political and religious culture of ancient Persia.

71
Q

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

A

a sea zone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources.

72
Q

UNCLOS

A

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: In 1982, the UN made a set of laws for the ocean. These laws say that countries can control the waters that are 12 nautical miles from their shores. They can also control areas called exclusive economic zones that are 200 nautical miles wide.

72
Q

Choke point

A

geographic locations where the flow of people and goods can be constricted and choked off in the event of a conflict

72
Q

Gerrymandering

A

Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.

73
Q

Unitary state

A

a state where laws are administered uniformly by one central government.- There are no regional authorities

one unit one gov

74
Q

Federal state

A

a system of government where power is shared (in various arrangements) between a centralized government and various regional authorities.

75
Q

Confederation

A

A form of an international organization that brings several autonomous states together for a common purpose.

bringing multiple states with self governements together

76
Q

Territoriality

A

the monopolization of space by an individual or group

77
Q

Annexation

A

the internationally legal addition of new territory into an existing state.

78
Q

Satellite state

A

independent nation under the control of a more powerful nation

79
Q

Irredentism

A

the belief that territory outside a given state should be made part of the state due to a large amount of people living there of the same ethnicity as live in the state in question or due to the state having historically been in possession of the territory.

80
Q

Supranationalism

A

the process of nation states organizing politically and economically into one organization or alliance,

European Union

80
Q

Balkanization

A

Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities

81
Q

Geopolitics

A

study of government and its policies as affected by physical geography

82
Q

Brexit

A

The British Exit from the European Union

83
Q

Neocolonialism

A

the control of less-developed countries by developed countries through indirect means.

84
Q

Forward capital

A

a symbolically relocated capital city usually because of either economic or strategic reasons

85
Q

Reapportionment

A

Process by which representative districts are switched according to population shifts, so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people

86
Q

Commodification

A

The process of transforming a cultural activity into a saleable product.

87
Q

Autonomous region

A

where power is divided between the central government and regional or local authorities.- Power is split between the main government and smaller local governments.

88
Q

Semi Autonomous region

A

largely self-governing within a larger political or organizational entity - able to govern themselves with some control from a larger group

89
Q

Enclave

A

a country or part of a country mostly surrounded by the territory of another country or wholly lying within the boundaries of another country

90
Q

Exclave

A

one which is geographically separated from the main part by surrounding alien territory

AP Human Geography (14 decks)

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