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AP Human Geography > AP human Unit 4 test > Flashcards

AP human Unit 4 test Flashcards

1
Q

State

A

Independent political unit occupying a defined territory Permanently populated - Must be recognized by other states

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2
Q

how many world states are there

A

196

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3
Q

how many memebers are there in the United Nations

A

193

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4
Q

what can political differences cause

A

some territories not to be recognized as independent

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5
Q

The Modern State Idea

A

The idea of a state with defined boundaries came out of Europe during the Renaissance
Started with England France, Spain, and Portugal
Diffused with the peace of Westphalia

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6
Q

Nations

A

A group of people who think of themselves based on a shared culture and history, and who seek some degree of territorial autonomy

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7
Q

Nation-State

A

A country where the land area matches the home of a specific group of people. A group of people who feel connected because they speak the same language, practice the same religion, or have other shared cultural traits.

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8
Q

Multinational State

A

State with more than one nation

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9
Q

multinational state examples

A

Belgium (2 nations)
United Kingdom (4)

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10
Q

Multistate Nations

A

A nation with more than one state
Korea

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11
Q

Stateless Nations

A

Nations that do not possess a national territory

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12
Q

examples of stateless nations

A

Palestinians
Roma
Kurds

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13
Q

Diffusion of the Nation-State Model

A

Europe exported its concepts of the state through two waves of colonialism

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14
Q

what happened at the Berlin Conference

A

in 1885 - Carved up Africa established the legal claim by Europeans that all of Africa could be occupied by whomever could take it.

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15
Q

World-Systems Theory

A

divides countries of the world into three groups based on political power, social standing, and economic and technological development.

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16
Q

Marxist view

A

created by Immanuel Wallerstein
Colonialism led to a global order with great differences in economic and political power

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17
Q

how many countries and territories are there

A

over 200

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18
Q

theocracies

A

governments led by
religious leaders.

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19
Q

human territoriality

A

coined by Robert Sach. describe the way political space is organized.

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20
Q

The three tiers theoristis see the world econmy in

A

core, Periphery, Semi Periphery

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21
Q

Core

A

higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology
Generates more wealth in the world economy

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22
Q

Periphery

A

lower levels of education, lower salaries, less technology,
Generates less wealth in the world economy

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23
Q

Semi Periphery

A

both core and periphery processes

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24
Q

Devolution

A

Movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the state

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25
Q

Causes of devolution

A

ethnocultural
economic
spatial

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26
Q

Ethnocultural Devolutionary Movements

A

Czechoslovakia
Yugoslavia

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27
Q

China

devolutionary movemments

A

56 ethnic nations within the Han dominated state (Han Chinese are 92% of China’s population)

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28
Q

Scotland

devolutionary movemments

A

Has been given some autonomy but is still part of of the UK

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29
Q

Catalonia Spain

devolutionary movements

A
  • Wealthier than the rest of Spain
  • 15% of the population but 25% of exports and 40% of industry
  • Voted to break away in 2017, but Spain continues to assert their authority
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30
Q

Italy

devolutionry movements

A
  • Sardinia feels neglected by the italian government
  • wealthier north must support the poorer south
  • Attempts by northern Italy to break away have failed
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31
Q

Norman invasion

A

ended the fragmentation of England.

32
Q

Mercantilism

A

states should acquire wealth through-colonization,
plunder, protection of home industries & markets, a
favorable balance of trade.

33
Q

Thirty Years’ War

A

began as a religious struggle-but ended as state & dynastic
struggle for control of Europe

34
Q

where do devolutionary movements most often occur

A

margins of states - far from captital

35
Q

Hawaii

A

strong independance movements but not a majority (desire to preserve traditional history)

36
Q

Political Boundaries

A

Vertical lines that establish each state’s jurisdiction and authority

37
Q

what is an example of boundary divison

A

oil between kuwait and Iraq

38
Q

Peace of Westphalia

A

ended the war-created defined boundaries &
guarantees of security-Modern Europe emerged.

39
Q

A Nation should have

A
  • A single language
  • A common history
  • A similar ethnic background
  • Unity from a common political system.
40
Q

A Nation-State has:

A
  • Clearly delineated
    territory
  • Substantial population
  • Well-organized
    government
  • Shared political and
    cultural history
  • Emotional ties to
    institutions or political
    systems or an ideology.
41
Q

The Four Pillars of
Nationalism

A
  • A population that considers itself a nation
  • A substantial and well-defined territory
  • A well-developed organization
  • A measure of economic, political and military power.
42
Q

Delimitation

A

placing of the boundary on a map

43
Q

Demarcation

A

marking the boundary by some method on the ground

44
Q

Administration

A

determine how the boundary will be maintained and what may cross it

45
Q

Geometric boundaries

A

follow latitude and longitude lines
Western boundary between the U.S and Canada

46
Q

Physical boundaries

A

follow a feature in the Physical landscape Eastern boundary between the U.S and Mexico

47
Q

Consequent

A

based on cultural landscape

47
Q

Antecedent

A

border drawn before it was well populated

48
Q

Subsequent

A

border drawn after the development of the cultural landscape

49
Q

Soverignty

A

complete control over a territory’s political &
military affairs.

49
Q

Superimposed

A

ignores cultural landscape

50
Q

Kurds

A

about 20 million people live in Kurdistan-which covers 6 states-since the 1991 Iraq
War-Kurdish Security Zone has been virtually independent.

51
Q

Territorial Integrity

A

a government has the right to keep the borders and territory of a state in tact and free from attack.

52
Q

what are 2 examples of consequent boundaries?

A

Ireland and Ireland
India and Pakistan

52
Q

Superimposed Boundaries

A

Unconcerned about pre existing cultural patterns

52
Q

Fragmented

A

consisting of 2 or more separate pieces divided by water or other territory.

52
Q

Definitional/ Positional boundary disputs

A

ex. pig war ( fought bc they did not know who owned a cetin piece of land)
Focus on language of the boundary agreement

52
Q

Relict Boundary

A

former boundary that no longer functions but can still be detected on the cultural landscape

53
Q

Consequent

A

border drawn to accommodate religious, linguistic, or ethnic differences

53
Q

Compact

A

distance from
the geographic center
does not vary greatly.

54
Q

Locational

A

The Delimitation (putting on a map) and possible demarcation of the border is in dispute
Georgia and Tennessee

54
Q

Operational/functional

A

Neighboring states disagree over policies to be applied along a boundary

55
Q

Allocation/Resource dispute

A

Neighboring states argue about the distribution of resources
Iraq v. Kuwait

56
Q

Microstates

A

very small land areas

57
Q

Compact

A

Most efficient form, circle with the capital in the center
Cambodia, Hungary, Poland

58
Q

Prorupt

A

Nearly compact but possess one or more narrow extensions of territory
Thailand, Greece, Myanmar

59
Q

Elongated

A
  • long and narrow
  • Distance from the capital is greater
  • National cohesion difficult
  • Norway, Vietnam, Chile
60
Q

Fragmented

A

Countries broken into separate pieces
Many are Islands
Malaysia, Philippians, Indonesia
Mainland – but separated
U.S (Alaska and Hawaii
Russia (Kaliningrad)

61
Q

Perforated

A

State that completely surrounds another one
South Africa
Surrounds countries completely

62
Q

Supranational Organizations

A

A separate entity composed of three or more states that forge an association for mutual benefit in pursuit of shared goals

63
Q

how many suparantional organazations are there today

A

At least 60 today

64
Q

League of Nations

A

1919, idea of Woodrow but…
U.N.:
Cooperate with internationally approved standards
current 193 members
Aid: refugees, poverty, troops, human rights

65
Q

European Union

A

Domestic, military, and certain sovereign policies that govern all members
12 European Community (EC) members established the EU – 1992

66
Q

frontier

A

zone of separation that keeps rivals apart can be natural or manmade-such as Korean DMZ.

67
Q

rimland theory

A

countires with world dominance are those that have acsees to land and sea

68
Q
A

AP Human Geography (14 decks)

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