Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the nuclear envelope?

A
  • A double membrane with nuclear pores for movement of small molecules.
  • It protects the DNA from damage.
  • Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
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2
Q

What is a vesicle?

A

A fluid filled sac that transports substances around the cell

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3
Q

What are the five functions of the nucleus?

A
  • Control protein synthesis
  • Stores genetic information as DNA
  • Cell division
  • Metabolism
  • Cell differentiation
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4
Q

What is the structure of the nucleus?

A
  • Contains nucleoplasm that contains chromatin
  • Surrounded by a nuclear envelope with nuclear pores
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5
Q

What is the structure and function of the nucleolus?

A

Consists of RNA and protein
- Synthesises ribosomes

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6
Q

What is the function of the RER?

A
  • Protein synthesis
  • Transport of proteins and glycoproteins
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7
Q

What is the function of SER?

A
  • Site of synthesis, transportation and storage of lipids and carbohydrates
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8
Q

What are the functions of the Golgi apparatus?

A
  • Protein and triglyceride modification which is then repackaged into secretory vesicles for exocytosis
  • Produces secretory enzymes and carbohydrates
  • Forms lysosomes
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9
Q

What is a lysosome?

A

A membrane bound organelle that contains hydrolytic enzymes

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10
Q

What are cristae?

A

Folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion

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11
Q

What is the matrix?

A

The liquid found in mitochondria

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12
Q

What is the function of the centrioles?

A
  • Assembly and organisation of spindle fibres during cell division
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13
Q

What is the primary function of cilia and flagella?

A

To provide movement for single celled organisms

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14
Q

What is the internal structure of cilia and flagella?

A

9 pairs of microtubules surrounding 2 microtubules called the 9 + 2 arrangement.

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15
Q

What are microfilaments made up of?

A
  • Actin filaments
  • Microtubules
  • Tubulin
  • Intermediate filaments
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16
Q

Where are B/ T cells produced?

Where do B/T cells mature?

A
  • Bone marrow
  • Bone marrow/Thymus