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Anatomy > Thigh and Glut Muscles > Flashcards

Thigh and Glut Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Hip joint movements and spinal cord segments

A

1.) lateral external rotation (knee up) = L5, S1
2.) medial internal rotation (knee up) = L4, L5
3.) adduction = L2, L3, L4
4.) abduction = L5, S1
5.) extension = L4, L5
6.) flexion = L2, L3

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2
Q

Subtalar joint and spinal cord segments

A

1.) inversion = L4, L5
2.) eversion = L5, S1

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3
Q

Metatarsophalangeal and phalangeal joints and spinal cord segments

A

1.) flexion (toes) = S2, S3
2.) extension (toes) = L5, S1

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4
Q

Knee joint and spinal cord segments

A

1.) extension = L3, L4
2.) flexion = L5, S1

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5
Q

Ankle joint and spinal cord segments

A

1.) dorsiflexion = L4, L5
2.) plantarflexion = S1, S2

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6
Q

2 myotatic (deep tendon) reflexes in the lower limb and the corresponding spinal cord segments?

A

1.) quadriceps (knee jerk) = L3/L4
2.) calcaneal (achilles; ankle jerk) = S1/S2

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7
Q

What is the axis of the hip joint where rotation occurs?

A

mechanical axis

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8
Q

What is the axis that goes through the center of both the femur and the tibia?

A

anatomical axis

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9
Q

Any muscle located anteriorly to the mechanical axis does what action?

A

medial rotation

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10
Q

Any muscle located posteriorly to the mechanical axis does what action?

A

lateral rotation

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11
Q

What is the tough fibrous sheath that invests the thigh like a sleeve?

A

Deep fascia of the thigh (fascia lata)

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12
Q

The fascia lata is thickened (laterally or medially) where it forms a band called what?

A

laterally, iliotibial tract or band (ITT or ITB)

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13
Q

The ITT is split in its (upper or lower) part and becomes the tendon for which muscle between its two layers?

A

tensor fascia latae

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14
Q

ITB attaches where? And can act as what?

A

Gerdy’s tubercle, a tendon

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15
Q

What 2 muscles can pull on the ITB?

A

gluteus maximus
tensor fascia latae

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16
Q

Why do we ask patient to bend their knees when conducting an abdominal palpation?

A

Because the deep fascia connects to the fascia of the abdomen, so bending the knees (flex hip joint) relaxes it.

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17
Q

2 groups of gluteal muscles

A

1.) superficial
2.) deep

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18
Q

Superficial gluteal muscles (4) and innervation

A

1.) glut. maximus
2.) glut. med
3.) glut. minimus
4.) tensor fascia latae (TFL)

1.) inf. gluteal n.
2, 3, 4.) sup. gluteal n.

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19
Q

Which of the superficial gluteal muscles is located laterally?

A

TFL

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20
Q

Gluteus maximus (Origin, insertion, function)

A

Origin:
1.) post. iliac crest
2.) sacrum
3.) coccyx
4.) sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion:
1.) ITB
2.) glut. tub. of femur

Function:
1.) ext. of thigh (@ hip) **
2.) abd. of thigh (@ hip) upper 1/3
3.) add. of thigh (@ hip) lower 2/3
4.) lat. rot. of thigh (@ hip)
5.) post. pelvic tilt
6.) helps lock knee in ext.

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21
Q

What attachment allows the glut. max. to help to lock the knee (knee stability)?

A

ITB

22
Q

Glut. medius? (Origin, insertion, function)

A

Origin:
1.) external surface of the ilium between the ant. and post. glut. lines

Insertion:
1.) lat. surface of greater trochanter

Function (all @ hip j.)
1.) abduction of thigh (entire muscle)
2.) flex. of thigh (ant. fibers)
3.) med. rot. of thigh (ant. fibers)
4.) ext. of thigh (post. fibers)
5.) lat. rot. of thigh (post fibers)

23
Q

Gluteus minimus (Origin, insertion, function)

A

Origin:
1.) gluteal surface of illium (between ant. and inf. gluteal lines)

Insertion:
1.) anterior surface of greater trochanter

Function: (all @ hip j.)
1.) abd. of thigh (entire muscle)
2.) flex. of thigh (ant. fibers)
3.) med. rot. of thigh (ant. fibers)
4.) ext. of thigh (post. fibers)
5.) lat. rot. of thigh (post. fibers)

24
Q

What is the deltoid of the hip region?

A

Gluteus minimus and gluteus medius

25
Q

What is trendelenburg sign and gait?

A

If glut. medi. and glut. mini. are not functioning

26
Q

What is the test for trendelenburg sign?

A

Hold hands on wall, raise one leg and observe for drop

27
Q

Tensor fascia latae (Origin, insertion, function)

A

Origin:
1.) lat. side of ASIS & ant. part of iliac crest

Insertion:
1.) tibia (Gerdy’s tubercle) via ITB (1/3 of the way down the thigh)

Function:
1.) flex. of thigh (@ hip j.)
2.) abd. of thigh (@ hip j.)
3.) med. rot. of thigh (@ hip j.)
4.) ant. pelvic tilt
5.) tenses ITB to support femur on tibia during standing

28
Q

What are the deep gluteal muscles? Innervation?

A

1.) piriformis
2.) sup. gemellus
3.) obturator internus
4) inferior gemellus
5) quadratus femoris
6.) obturator externus

1-5 are innervated by sacral plexus
6 is lumbar plexus

29
Q

What function can all deep gluteal muscles do?

A

Lateral rotation

30
Q

Which 4 muscles in the deep gluteal group do abduction? Which 2 do adduction?

A

Abduction:
1.) piriformis
2.) sup. gemellus
3.) obturator internus
4.) inferior gemellus

Adduction:
1.) quadratus femoris
2.) Obt. ext.

31
Q

Piriformis (Origin, insertion, function)

A

Origin:
1.) Anterior sacrum

Insertion:
1.) superior border of greater trochanter

Function (@ hip j.):
1.) Lat. rot. of thigh (when hip is extended)
2.) Horizontal abd. of thigh

32
Q

When we flex the hip joint what type of rotation does the piriformis do?

A

medial rotation

33
Q

What is it called when the sciatic nerve passes through the piriformis muscle or splits? What happens?

A

piriformis syndrome, the nerve is pinched and causes pain

34
Q

What 2 nerves are in the sheath of the sciatic nerve?

A

1.) common fibula n.
2.) tibial

35
Q

Superior gemellus (Origin, insertion, function)

A

Origin:
1.) ischial spine

Insertion:
1.) medial surface of the greater trochanter

Function (@ hip j.)
1.) lat. rotation of thigh
2.) horizontal abd. of thigh

36
Q

Obturator internus (Origin, insertion, function)

A

Origin:
1.) inner surface of obturator membrane

Insertion:
1.) medial surface of the greater trochanter

Function (@ hip j.)
1.) lat. rotation of thigh
2.) horizontal abd. of thigh

37
Q

Inferior gemellus (Origin, insertion, function)

A

Origin:
1.) ischial tuberosity

Insertion:
1.) medial surface of greater trochanter

Function (@ hip j.)
1.) Lat. rot. of thigh
2.) Horizontal abd. of thigh

38
Q

Quadratus femoris (Origin, insertion, function)

A

Origin:
1.) ischial tuberosity

Insertion:
1.) quadrate tubercle of femur

Function (@ hip j.)
1.) Lat. rot. of thigh
2.) horizonal add. of thigh

39
Q

Obturator externus (Origin, insertion, function)

A

Origin:
1.) outer surface of the obturator membrane

Insertion:
2.) trochanteric fossa

Function (@ hip j.):
1.) Lat. rot. of thigh
2.) horizonal add. of thigh (weak)

LUMBAR PLEXUS

40
Q

What surrounds the compartments of the leg?

A

deep fascia

41
Q

How many compartments do we have for the thigh?

A

3 (ant., med., post)

42
Q

Which compartment are the extensor muscles of the knee joint in? What nerve? One exception?

A

anterior, femoral

43
Q

Which compartment are the adductor muscles of hip. j. in? What nerve? What exception?

A

medial, mainly obturator nerve

44
Q

Which compartment are the flexor muscles of the knee in? Nerve?

A

posterior. sciatic nerve

45
Q

Muscles of the posterior thigh?Innervation?

A

1.) biceps femoris
Nerve: tibial (long head) and common fibular peroneal (short head)

2.) semitendinosus
Nerve: tibial

3.) semimembranosus
Nerve: tibial

46
Q

Biceps femoris

A

Origin:
1.) long head: ischial tuberosity
2.) short head: linea aspera

Insertion:
1.) head of fibula
2.) lateral condyle of tibia

Function: (@ hip.
1.) flex. of leg @ knee j. (entire m)
2.) ext. of thigh @ hip j. (long head)
3.) lat. rot. of leg @ knee j. when knee is flexed

47
Q

Semitendinosus (Origin, insertion, function)

A

Origin:
1.) ischial tuberosity

Insertion:
1.) prox. part. of medial surface of shaft of tibia (forms Pes anserine tendon)

Function:
1.) flex. of leg (knee j)
2.) ext. of thigh (hip j)
3.) med. rot of leg (knee j) when knee is flexed

48
Q

Semimembranosus (Origin, insertion, function)

A

Origin:
1.) ischial tuberosity

Insertion:
1.) post. aspect of med. condyle of tibia

Function:
1.) flex. of leg (knee j.)
2.) ext. of thigh (hip j.)
3.) med. rot. of leg (knee j.) when knee is flexed

49
Q

_________ is known as the lateral hamstring
___________ are known as the medial hamstrings.

A

biceps
ST & SM

50
Q

Which muscle shortening contributes to lower back pain? What tilt does this cause

A

hamstring, posterior

Anatomy (14 decks)

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