Anterior and Medial Thigh Muscles

Question 1

What are the 3 compartments of the thigh? Both names.

Answer 1

1.) anterior (extensor)
2.) medial (adductor)
3.) posterior (flexor)

Question 2

Psoas Major (Origin, insertion, function, nerve)

Answer 2

Origin:
1.) bodies and TVPs of L1-L5

Insertion:
1. lesser trochanter of femur

Function:
1.) Flex. of thigh (hip J.)
2.) Lat. Rot. of thigh (hip J.)
3.) Flex. of trunk@ the spinal joints.
4.) Lat. Flex. of trunk@ the spinal joints.
5.) Anterior tilt of pelvis @ the hip

N: Lumbar plexus (L1, L2, L3)

Question 3

Which direction does the lesser trochanter face?

Answer 3

posteriorly

Question 4

Iliacus (Origin, insertion, function, nerve)

Answer 4

Origin:
1.) Iliac fossa
2.) Sacral Ala

Insertion:
1.) Lesser trochanter of femur

Function:
1.) Flex. of thigh (hip J.)
2.) Lat. Rot. of thigh (hip J.)
3.) Anterior tilt of pelvis @ the hip\

N: Femoral

Question 5

What can a shortened psoas cause in the lumbar spine?

Answer 5

hyperlordotic spine, and tilt pelvis anteriorly

Question 6

Sartorius (Origin, insertion, function, nerve)

Answer 6

Ori:
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

Ins:
Proximal part of medial surface of shaft of tibia (forms Pes anserine tendon)

Function:
1.) Flex of thigh (hip J.)
2.) Abd. of thigh (hip J.)
3.) Lat. Rot. of thigh (hip J.)
4.) Flex of leg @ knee J. ***(exception in this comp.)
5.) Med. Rot. of leg @ knee J.

N: Femoral

Question 7

Quadriceps femoris- rectus femoris (Origin, insertion, function, nerve)

Answer 7

Ori:
1.) Straight (Ant.) head: AIIS
2.) Reflected (Post.) head: Groove above the brim of acetabulum

Ins:
1.) Base of patella via the quadriceps tendon and then to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament (tendon)

Function:
Ext. of leg (knee J.)
Flex. of thigh (hip J.)

N: Femoral

Question 8

Quadriceps femoris- vastus lateralis (Origin, insertion, function, nerve)

Answer 8

Ori:
1.) Intertrochanteric line
2.) Gluteal tuberosity
3.) Lateral lip of linea aspera

Ins:
1.) Lateral border of patella via the quadriceps tendon and then to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament (tendon)

Function:
Ext. of leg (knee J.)

N: Femoral

Question 9

Quadriceps femoris- vastus medialis (Origin, insertion, function, nerve)

Answer 9

Ori:
1.) Intertrochanteric line
2.) Medial lip of linea aspera
3.) Medial supracondylar line.

Ins:
1.) Medial border of patella via the quadriceps tendon and then to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament (tendon)

Function:
1.) Ext. of leg (knee J.)

N: Femoral

Question 10

Articularis genus (Origin, insertion, function, nerve)

Answer 10

Ori:
1.) anterior surface of the lower part of the body of the femur

Ins:
1.) upper part of the capsule and synovial membrane of the knee joint.

Function:
1.) It elevates the capsule and the synovial membrane of the knee joint and prevents them from being pinched during extension of the leg.

N: Femoral

Question 11

Pectineus (Origin, insertion, function, nerve) exception

Answer 11

Ori:
1.) superior ramus of pubis (Pectineal line of pubis)

Ins:
1.) pectineal line of femur

Function:
1.) Add. of thigh (hip J.)
2.) Flex. of thigh (hip J.)

N: Femoral *** (exception)

Question 12

Adductor longus (Origin, insertion, function, nerve)

Answer 12

Ori:
1.) anterior surface of pubis

Ins:
1.) middle/distal part of linea aspera

Function:
1.) Add. of thigh (hip J.)
2.) Flex. of thigh (hip J.)
3.) Lat. Rot of thigh (hip J.)

N: Obturator

Question 13

Adductor brevis (Origin, insertion, function, nerve)

Answer 13

Ori:
1.) Body & Inferior ramus of pubis

Ins:
1.) Proximal 1/3 of linea aspera of femur

Function:
1.) Add. of thigh (hip J.)
2.) Flex. of thigh (hip J.)
3.) Lat. Rot of thigh (hip J.)

N: Obturator

Question 14

Adductor magnus (Origin, insertion, function, nerve) ** exception **

Answer 14

Ori:
1.) Anterior head (adductor part):
- Ischiopubic ramus
2.) Posterior head (hamstring or ischial part):
Ischial tuberosity

Ins:
1.) Anterior head (adductor part):
i.) Linea aspera
ii.) Gluteal tuberosity
iii.) Medial supracondylar line
2.) Posterior head (hamstring or ischial part):
i.) Adductor tubercle

Function:
1.) Add. of thigh (hip J.)
2.) Flex. of thigh (hip J.) (the Ant. or pubic attachment)
3.) Ext. of thigh (hip J.) (the Post. or Hamstring or ischial attachment)
4.) Lat. Rot of thigh @ hip J.

N:
Ant. head (pubic) = obturator N.
post. head (Hamstring or Ischial) = tibial N.

** can do both flexion and extension of thigh at hip joint **

Question 15

Gracilis (Origin, insertion, function, nerve)

Answer 15

Ori:
1.) Body of pubis
2.) Inferior ramus of pubis

Ins:
1.) Proximal part of medial surface of shaft of tibia (forms Pes anserine tendon) (SAME INSERTION AS SARTORIUS)

Function: (4 ) (2 Movements on hip J. and 2 on knee J.)
1.) Add. of thigh (hip J.)
2.) Flex. of thigh (hip J.)
3.) Flex. of leg (knee J.)
4.) Med. Rot. of leg (knee J.)

N: Obturator

Question 16

Which muscle is also knows as the 4th hamstring?

Answer 16

adductor magnus

Question 17

In patients with cerebral palsy, which muscles are spastics, causing Scissor’s Gait?

Answer 17

adductor muscles

Question 18

Which 3 muscles form the pes anserinus with the combination of their tendons? Where do they attach? What is deep to these muscles?

Answer 18

Sarterious (anterior), gracilis (medial) and semitendinosus (posterior) muscles attach to the upper medial side of the tibia in a three-pronged pattern.

Bursa (if one is tight or overworked, all will be affected)

(Say Grace before Tea)

Question 19

What muscles form the femoral triangle borders? What is the mnemonic?

Answer 19

SAIL:
Sartorius
Adductors
Inguinal Ligament

Question 20

What are the contents of the femoral triangle? What is the mnemonic? What is the easiest party to palpate?

Answer 20

NAVEL:
Nerve (femoral)
Artery (femoral)
Vein (femoral)
Empty Space
Lymph

The artery. Go lateral = nerve/ go medial = vein

Question 21

What shape is the femoral canal? Where is it located? How long is it? It opens superiorly as what? What is its function?

Answer 21

inverted cone-shaped fascial space

medial to the femoral vein within the upper femoral triangle.

1-2 cm long

opens superiorly as the femoral ring.

Allow the femoral vein to expand when there is increased venous return from the lower limb

Question 22

Quadriceps femoris- vastus intermedius (Origin, insertion, function, nerve)

Answer 22

Ori:
1.) Anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur

Ins:
1.) Base of patella via the quadriceps tendon and then to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament (tendon)

Function:
1.) Ext. of leg (knee J.)

N: Femoral

Question 23

What is the physical space/opening in the adductor muscle called? What 2 muscles border it? What is it accommodating passage for?

Answer 23

Adductor hiatus

Between the adductor and hamstring part of magnus

1.) femoral artery
2.) femoral vein

Question 24

Difference between flaccidity and spasticity?

Answer 24

flaccidity: the muscle is dead due to injury in the PNS, dead muscle

spasticity is an injury in the CNS, CONTROL of nerve is lost. All muscles turn on at the same level of tone.

Question 25

What muscle can you use for surgical reconstruction of hamstring tears?

Answer 25

gracialis

Question 26

Are femoral hernias more common in males or females?

Answer 26

females

Question 27

Which space is common for femoral hernia?

Answer 27

femoral triangle

Question 28

What is the first sign of a femoral hernia?

Answer 28

venous pooling and blood