Neurovasculature of upper limb /

Question 1

Where do the vertebral nerves arise from in cervical and thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 1

Arise from above cervical vertebrae
Apart C8 spinal nerve arises from below C7 and above T1
Arise from below the vertebral vertebrae

Question 2

Which spinal nerves does the brachial plexus originate from?

Answer 2

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

Question 3

Draw the structure of the brachial plexus

Answer 3

Question 4

What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

Answer 4

In ANTERIOR arm: motor
Brachialis
Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
In LATERAL forearm: sensory
Cutaneous layer - sensory information of lateral forearm

Question 5

What is the terminal nerve of the musculocutaneous nerve?

Answer 5

Lateral antebrachial cutaneous

Question 6

What does the axillary nerve innervate?

Answer 6

Motor:
Teres minor
Deltoid
Sensory:
And skin over the deltoid

Question 7

Where does the axillary nerve travel through?

Answer 7

Quadrangular space:
between teres minor, long head of biceps brachii, teres major and neck of humerus

Question 8

What does the radial nerve innervate?

Answer 8

Everything posterior motor and sensory of arm, forearm and most of hand
Triceps brachii
All 12 forearm muscles

Question 9

What do the median and ulnar nerves innervate? ***

Answer 9

Median: Majority of anterior forearm
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
1/2 LOAF: in hand
Lateral 2 lumbricals, opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis
Ulnar: majority of hand
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum profundus (medial half)

Question 10

Where does the axillary artery begin and end, and what artery does it come from and end up as?

Answer 10

Subclavian artery becomes axillary artery at lateral border of 1st rib
Axillary artery becomes brachial artery at inferior border of teres major

Question 11

What are the important branches of the axillary artery?

Answer 11

Anterior circumflex
Posterior circumflex

Question 12

What is the first branch of the brachial artery?

Answer 12

Deep brachial artery

Question 13

What does the brachial artery form?

Answer 13

Splits into radial and ulnar arteries at the cubital fossa

Question 14

What is the first branch of the ulnar artery and what does it form?

Answer 14

Common interosseous artery
> posterior and anterior interosseous arteries

Question 15

Where do the radial and ulnar arteries go?

Answer 15

Anastomose and form deep palmar arch and superficial palmar arch
Radial artery flows most into deep palmar arch
Ulnar artery flows most into superficial palmer artery

Question 16

Which parts of the hand are supplied by the radial and ulnar arteries?

Answer 16

Thumb and lateral half of index finger - mostly radial
All the other fingers are ulnar

Question 17

To summarise, describe main branches and course of arteries supplying the upper limb

Answer 17

Subclavian forms the axillary artery once over the lateral border of the 1st rib
Posterior and anterior circumflex arteries branch from axillary and loop around the humerus
Axillary forms the brachial once over the inferior border of teres major
Deep brachial bracnhes from brachial and runs into radial
Brachial splits into radial and ulnar once over the cubital fossa
Common interosseous branches from ulnar, and splits into posterior and anterior interosseous
Radial flows mainly into deep palmar arch, but also superficial palmar arch
Ulnar artery flows mainly into superficial palmar arch but also deep palmar arch