Child development /

Question 1

What are the aspects that can represent development?

Answer 1

Gross motor
Fine motor
Speech and language
Social

Question 2

What are the normal GM, FM S&L and social milestones of a newborn?

Answer 2

Stepping,
Grasping,
Reflex to sound,
Blinking in response to social interaction

Question 3

What are the normal GM, FM S&L and social milestones of a 6 month old?

Answer 3

Sits with support
Reaching for objects
Coos
Recognise strangers

Question 4

What are the normal GM, FM S&L and social milestones of a 15-16 month old?

Answer 4

Walking
scribbles, 2 block tower
8-10 words
Copies parents tasks

Question 5

What are the normal GM, FM S&L and social milestones at 2 years?

Answer 5

Runs, uses stairs
6 block tower, circular drawing strokes
2-3 word sentences
Asks for food/drink

Question 6

What are the normal GM, FM S&L and social milestones of a 3 yo?

Answer 6

Rides tricycle
9 blocks, draws circle
Asks questions
Shares toys

Question 7

What are the normal GM, FM S&L and social milestones of a 4 yo?

Answer 7

Hops
Copies cross, block bridge
Sing, tells story
Group play

Question 8

How can disease and illness impact normal development?

Answer 8

Directly or indirectly
Multifactorial:
- Physical
- Emotional
- Social/family
- Education/friends

Question 9

What are the direct impacts of disease of development?

Answer 9

Gross motor and fine motor:
- muscle abnormalities - weakness, stiffness, deformity
- Vision, proprioception and other sense
Speech and language:
- Deafness
- Muscle and coordination issues
- Certain conditions e.g. ASD
Social:
- senses - vision, hearing
- environment
- certain conditions

Question 10

What are the indirect impacts of disease of development?

Answer 10

Energy and general health
Nutrition
Sleep disruption
Pain and unpleasant sensations - desensatisation
Regression of skills
Critical time for some skills

Question 11

How may hemiplegic CP affect gross motor skills? Direct, indirect, consequences

Answer 11

Direct: weakness, stiffness, contractures, coordination
Indirect: treatments, opportunities, energy expenditure
Consequences: Delayed milestones, gait difficulties, inclusion, expectations

Question 12

How may hemiplegic CP affect fine motor skills? Direct, indirect, consequences

Answer 12

Direct: Weakness, stiffness, contractures, coordination
Indirect: Opportunities, self-conscious, expectations
Consequences: delayed milestones, need for aids, school

Question 13

How may hemiplegic CP affect speech and language? Direct, indirect, consequences

Answer 13

Direct: Oromotor coordination
Indirect: Time taken for complexities, exposure, expectations
Consequences: difficulty understanding, inclusion, impact on socialisiation

Question 14

How may hemiplegic CP affect social development? Direct, indirect, consequences

Answer 14

Direct: time away from school/friends, physical abilities
Indirect: Opportunities, expectations, embarrassment, overprotection of parents
Consequences: difficulty with socialisation, school difficulties

Question 15

How can healthcare maximise development in children with diseases/illnesses?

Answer 15

Early input important
Prevention vs treatment - developing brain can adapt to a degree
Develop via play
Multi-professional : physio, OH, school inclusion, support groups

Question 16

What are piaget’s stages of cognitive development?

Answer 16

Sensorimotor (Birth-2yrs): understands world through senses and actions
Preoperational (2-7 years): understands world through language and mental images
Concrete operational (7-12 yrs): understands worlds through logical thinking and categories
Formal operational (12+yrs): understands worlds through hypothetical thinking and scientific reasoning