Prevalence and Development

Question 1

Diagnostic features

Answer 1

1. Development of symptoms follows one or more traumatic events

2.Stimuli associated w trauma are persitently avoided, and the individual makes deliberate efforts to avoid thoughts/memories.

3. Negative alterations in cognitions or mood (eg. amnesia,neg expectations etc.

Question 2

Prevalence

Answer 2

In US; lifetime risk 8.7% and 1 year 3.5%

Europe: 0.5-1.0% for 1 year.

Varies across cultural groups.

highest rates:
- Military, rape, captivity

Prev seems lower amoung preschoul children and older adults.

Question 3

Development

Answer 3

Can occur at any age

Usually symptoms begin within the first 3 months after trauma

Question 4

Risk factors

Answer 4

Pretraumatic:
- Temperamental (emotional problems)
- Environmental factors (Low SE status, low education, prior trauma
- Genetic/psychological (female, age at time or trauma exposure *for adults and certain tgenotypes either protect or increase)

Peritraumtatic:
- Environmental (severity of trauma, percieved life threat, personal injury etc.)

posttraumatic:
- Temperamental (negative appraisal, inappropriate coping, acute stress disorder)
- Environmental (Subsequent exporure to reminders, adverse life event or financial problems.)

Question 5

PTSD prev in students

Answer 5

Prev 7.1%
Prev sub-PTSD 8.0%

Trauma:
- traffic accident 18%
- non-sexual violence 10%
- Sexual violence 6.7%

Question 6

Psychological trauma

Answer 6

only minority develops PTSD, majority is resillient. Half of the people recover after 3 months

some even report postraumatic growth; stronger relationships etc.

Question 7

Comorbidity

Answer 7

80% has comorbid disorder

Males: SUD and conduct
Seperation anxiety and oppositional defience in children

Question 8

Differential diagnosis

Answer 8

• Adjustment disorder: Doens’t meet all symptoms
• Acute stress disorder: 3 days to 1 month
• Dissociative disorder