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AP US History Flashcards > Unit 5 Key Terms > Flashcards

Unit 5 Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Whigs

A

Political party in the 19th century.
Opposed executive power and supported the supremacy of Congress.

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2
Q

William Henry Harrison

A

9th President of the United States.
Died shortly after inauguration, serving the shortest term in U.S. history.

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3
Q

John Tyler

A

Became President after Harrison’s death.
Faced opposition within his own party (Whigs).

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4
Q

Zachary Taylor

A

12th President of the U.S.
Known as a military hero of the Mexican-American War.

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5
Q

Millard Fillmore

A

13th President after Taylor’s death.
Signed the Compromise of 1850.

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6
Q

James K. Polk

A

11th President, expanded U.S. territory through annexation and war.

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7
Q

Mexican American War

A

Conflict over disputed Texas border.
Ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

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8
Q

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A

Ended the Mexican-American War in 1848.
U.S. gained California and much of the Southwest.

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9
Q

54’ 40 or Fight

A

Slogan expressing U.S. expansionist sentiment.
Referred to desired northern boundary with Canada.

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10
Q

Sojourner Truth

A

Abolitionist and women’s rights advocate.
Famous for her “Ain’t I a Woman” speech.

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11
Q

Ain’t I a Woman

A

Speech by Sojourner Truth.
Advocated for equal rights for women of color.

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12
Q

Harriet Beecher Stowe

A

Author of “Uncle Tom’s Cabin.”
Influential anti-slavery novel.

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13
Q

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

A

Novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe.
Contributed to anti-slavery sentiments.

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14
Q

Harriet Tubman

A

Conductor of the Underground Railroad.
Helped slaves escape to freedom.

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15
Q

Underground Railroad

A

Network of secret routes for escaped slaves.
Aided by abolitionists to reach free states.

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16
Q

Frederick Douglass

A

Former slave turned prominent abolitionist.
Published “The North Star” newspaper.

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17
Q

William Lloyd Garrison

A

Abolitionist and newspaper editor.
Published “The Liberator.”

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18
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

Series of laws addressing slavery issues.
Included the Fugitive Slave Act.

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19
Q

Kansas-Nebraska Act

A

Allowed popular sovereignty on slavery in new territories.
Led to violent conflicts in Kansas.

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20
Q

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)

A

Supreme Court case denying rights to enslaved individuals.
Intensified sectional tensions.

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21
Q

John Brown’s Raid

A

Abolitionist raid on Harpers Ferry.
Increased tensions before the Civil War.

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22
Q

Caning of Sumner

A

Attack on Senator Charles Sumner.
Symbolized growing hostility between North and South.

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23
Q

Seneca Falls Convention

A

First women’s rights convention.
Issued the Declaration of Sentiments.

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24
Q

Election of 1860 & 64

A

1860: Lincoln elected, leading to Southern secession.
1864: Lincoln reelected during the Civil War.

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25
Q

Abraham Lincoln

A

16th President.
Emancipation Proclamation, preserved the Union.

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26
Q

Stephen Douglas

A

Political rival of Lincoln.
Debated Lincoln on slavery issues.

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27
Q

George McClellan

A

Union General during the Civil War.
Ran against Lincoln in the 1864 election.

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28
Q

Andrew Johnson

A

Vice President who succeeded Lincoln.
Faced impeachment.

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29
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A

Lincoln’s executive order freeing slaves in Confederate states.
Shifted the focus of the war to slavery.

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30
Q

Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address

A

Called for reconciliation after the Civil War.
“With malice toward none.”

31
Q

Lincoln’s Assassination

A

Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth in 1865.
Led to Andrew Johnson’s presidency.

32
Q

Fort Sumter

A

Site of the first shots of the Civil War.
Confederate victory.

33
Q

Antietam

A

Bloodiest single-day battle of the Civil War.
Union victory.

34
Q

Gettysburg

A

Turning point in the Civil War.
Union victory against Confederate invasion.

35
Q

Vicksburg

A

Union victory, securing control of the Mississippi River.
Completed Union blockade.

36
Q

Appomattox Courthouse

A

Site of Robert E. Lee’s surrender.
Ended the Civil War.

37
Q

Ulysses S. Grant

A

Union General.
Accepting Lee’s surrender at Appomattox.

38
Q

George Meade

A

Union General at the Battle of Gettysburg.
Defeated Confederate forces.

39
Q

William Tecumseh Sherman

A

Union General known for “March to the Sea.”
Employed total war tactics.

40
Q

Jefferson Davis

A

President of the Confederate States of America.
Led during the Civil War.

41
Q

Robert E. Lee

A

Commander of the Confederate Army.
Surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse.

42
Q

Stonewall Jackson

A

Confederate General.
Died in the Battle of Chancellorsville.

43
Q

William Bedford Forrest

A

Confederate cavalry commander.
Later became a prominent figure in the Ku Klux Klan.

44
Q

Ku Klux Klan

A

Secret society promoting white supremacy.
Opposed civil rights for African Americans.

45
Q

Border States

A

Slave states that remained in the Union.
Key strategic importance during the Civil War.

46
Q

Andersonville

A

Confederate prisoner-of-war camp.
Known for harsh conditions.

47
Q

Clara Barton

A

Nurse and founder of the American Red Cross.
Provided aid during the Civil War.

48
Q

Red Cross

A

Humanitarian organization providing aid in crises.
Founded by Clara Barton.

49
Q

Matthew Brady

A

Renowned Civil War photographer.
Documented the war through photographs.

50
Q

54th Massachusetts

A

African American regiment in the Union Army.
Known for bravery in battle.

51
Q

NYC Draft Riots

A

Violent protests against conscription during the Civil War.
Targeted African Americans and wealthy.

52
Q

Nativism

A

Opposition to immigrants, favoring native-born citizens.
Fueled anti-Catholic sentiments.

53
Q

Black Codes

A

Laws restricting the rights of African Americans.
Implemented in the post-Civil War South.

54
Q

Treaty of Fort Laramie

A

Agreement between the U.S. and Plains Indian tribes.
Intended to bring peace to the region.

55
Q

Battle of the Little Bighorn

A

Native American victory against U.S. forces.
Led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse.

56
Q

Sioux/Lakota

A

Native American tribes of the Great Plains.
Involved in conflicts with the U.S.

57
Q

Reconstruction

A

Period after the Civil War, rebuilding the South.
Aimed to integrate freed slaves into society.

58
Q

13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments

A

Constitutional amendments abolishing slavery, granting equal protection, and voting rights.

59
Q

Civil Rights Act

A

Legislation granting citizenship and equal rights to freed slaves.

60
Q

Freedman’s Bureau Act

A

Established to aid newly freed slaves in the South.
Provided education, food, and legal assistance.

61
Q

Rutherford B. Hayes

A

19th President of the U.S.
Elected through the Compromise of 1877.

62
Q

Compromise of 1877

A

Ended Reconstruction in the South.
Resulted in Hayes becoming president.

63
Q

Radical and Liberal Republicans

A

Differing approaches to Reconstruction policies.
Radicals sought harsher measures against the South.

64
Q

Seward’s Folly

A

Criticism of Secretary of State Seward’s purchase of Alaska.
Later proven to be strategically valuable.

65
Q

Homestead Act

A

Encouraged westward expansion by granting land to settlers.
Helped establish family farms.

66
Q

Morrill Land Grant Act

A

Provided federal land for agricultural colleges.
Expanded educational opportunities.

67
Q

Pacific Railway Act

A

Facilitated the construction of the First Transcontinental Railroad.
Connected the East and West coasts.

68
Q

Promontory Point

A

Location where the First Transcontinental Railroad was completed.
Symbolized national unity.

69
Q

Boss Tweed

A

Corrupt leader of Tammany Hall political machine.
Involved in widespread political corruption.

70
Q

Tammany Hall

A

Democratic political machine in New York City.
Controlled city politics through patronage.

71
Q

Political Machine

A

Organization that controls politics through patronage and favors.
Prominent in urban areas during the Gilded Age.

72
Q

Thomas Nast

A

Political cartoonist.
Exposed corruption through illustrations.

73
Q

James Garfield’s Assassination

A

20th President assassinated in 1881.
Sparked calls for civil service reform.

AP US History Flashcards (9 decks)

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