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AP US History Flashcards > Unit 8 Key Terms > Flashcards

Unit 8 Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Harry S. Truman

A

33rd Democrat President, started CIA, fought Korean War in 1950, created Truman Doctrine to end Communism

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2
Q

Dwight D. Eisenhower

A

34th Republican President, signed Interstate Highway Act, fixed Suez Canal Crisis, and contained communism in Mid-East through covert operations

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3
Q

John F. Kennedy

A

35th Democrat President, “New Frontier” in space exploration, removing poverty, succesfully stopped the Cuban Missile Crisis, assassinated

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4
Q

Lyndon Baines Johnson

A

36th Democrat President, Great Society programs like Medicare, Medicaid, signed 1964 Civil Rights Act, sent troops to Viet and made draft

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5
Q

Richard Nixon

A

37th Republican President, promised to remove troops but instead expanded war into Cambodia and Laos, involvment in Watergate Scandal led to his resignment

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6
Q

Gerald Ford

A

38th Republican President, pardoned Nixon, cut inflation in half

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7
Q

Jimmy Carter

A

39th Democratic President, pardoned all Vietnam War draft dodgers

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8
Q

Ronald Reagan

A

40th Republican President, arguably led to fall of Soviet Union and end of Cold War, reduced nuclear stockpiles, conservative “Reagonomic” policies

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9
Q

George Kennan

A

major advocate for containment of Communism and Soviet Union from spreading during Cold War

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10
Q

The Dulles Brothers

A

Eisenhower’s Sec of State John Dulles and CIA Director Allen Dulles, believed in agressive anti-Communism, toppled governments

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11
Q

Robert McNamara

A

Johnson’s Sec of Defense, helped escalate American involvement in Vietnam War

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12
Q

Barry Goldwater

A

Conservative Arizona senator, lost to LBJ in 1964

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13
Q

Hubert Humphrey

A

Vice President to LBJ, supported civil rights legislation

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14
Q

Eugene McCarthy

A

Minnesota senator, heavily opposed Vietnam War

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15
Q

Henry Kissinger

A

National Security Advisor under Nixon, known for his “shuttle diplomacy”

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16
Q

Military Industrial Complex

A

relationship between military and defense industry and its effect on government policy

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17
Q

Cold War

A

Political and military tensions primarily between US and USSR, started after WWII, ended after USSR fell

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18
Q

containment

A

US foreign policy to contain Communism from spreading

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19
Q

domino theory

A

theory that if one country falls to Communism, countries nearby can also follow

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20
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

provided military and economic support to countries threatened by Communism

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21
Q

Marshall Plan

A

provided economic assistance to stabilize democratic Western European countries

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22
Q

NATO

A

North American Treaty Organization, formed by Western European countries and US to counter threat of Soviet Union

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23
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

Military alliance between USSR and Eastern European satellite states against NATO

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24
Q

Second Red Scare

A

anti-communist sentiments during the mid-1900s due to communist infiltrations of American institutions

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25
Q

Joseph McCarthy

A

Wisconsin senator, made accusaations of Communist infiltritation in US govt and entertainment industry

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26
Q

Rosenbergs

A

Husband and wife who allegedly gave Russia atomic bomb secrets, executed by electric chair

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27
Q

Hollywood Ten

A

group of filmmakers and directors who were in contempt of Congress for not testifying about communist influence in film industry

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28
Q

Bracero Program

A

US labor program allowing millions of Mexicans to temporarily work in US

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29
Q

GI Bill

A

provided educational scholarships and housing assistance to veterans

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30
Q

Interstate Highway System

A

Network of highways built under Eisenhower for interstate travel, commerce, and military transport

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31
Q

Sputnik

A

first satellite in space, launched by USSR in 1957, started Space Race

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32
Q

Neil Armstrong

A

first man to walk on the moon during Apollo 11 mission in 1969

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33
Q

Pentagon Papers

A

leaked papers that revealed that war expanded into Cambodia and Laos and more that US public didn’t know

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34
Q

Watergate

A

Nixon Adminstration’s attempted cover-up of breaking into the Democratic National Committee Headquarters

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35
Q

Berlin Blockade/Airlift

A

Soviet blockade of West Berlin in 1948, countered by the Western Allies’ airlift of supplies to the city

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36
Q

Suez Canal Crisis

A

Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal, leading to military intervention from Britain, France, Isreal, Eisenhower helped calm things down

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37
Q

Cuban Missile Crisis

A

1962 confrontation between US and USSR over presence of Soviet missiles in Cuba, brought world to brink of nuclear war, but Kennedy and Krushchev peacefully resolved it

38
Q

Détente

A

Easing of strained relationships, US and USSR in 1970s had improved relations with arms control agreements and more diplomacy.

39
Q

Korean War

A

conflictbetween North Korea, supported by China and the Soviet Union, and South Korea, supported by US and UN

40
Q

Vietnam War

A

conflict between communist forces in North Vietnam and the government of South Vietnam, supported by the United States, only war US ever lost

41
Q

Gulf of Tonkin Incident

A

alleged attacks on U.S. Navy ships by North Vietnamese, used as justification for increased American involvement in the Vietnam War, later found to be not true

42
Q

Tet Offensive

A

major offensive by North Vietnam that turned the war in their favor, took US troops by surprise, and shook American confidence in the war

43
Q

Students for a Democratic Society

A

Student activist organization advocating for social justice and political reform and opposed the Vietnam War

44
Q

Berkeley Free Speech Movement

A

Student protest movement at the UC Berkeley in the 1960s, advocating for freedom of speech and academic freedom.

45
Q

Muhammad Ali

A

American boxer and activist, known for refusing to be drafted into the U.S. military during Vietnam War

46
Q

Rachael Carson

A

American marine biologist and conservationist, book “Silent Spring,” raised awareness about bad side of pesticides

47
Q

Fair Deal

A

a Truman policy for national health insurance, civil rights legislation, and education reform.

48
Q

New Frontier

A

Kennedy’s legislative agenda for civil rights, economic reform, and space exploration

49
Q

Great Society

A

Johnson’s social welfare initiatives to remove poverty & racism and support civil rights

50
Q

Civil Rights Act

A

1964 Legislation by Johnson prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

51
Q

Voting Rights Act

A

1965 legislation by Johnson to lift barriers preventing African Americans from voting

52
Q

Immigration Act

A

1965 legislation by Johnson to removed quota system and preferred immigrants with useful skills

53
Q

Camp David Accords

A

Peace agreement between Egypt and Israel brokered by President Carter in 1978

54
Q

Iran Hostage Situation and Iran Contra Scandal

A

Iranian revolutionaries seized U.S. Embassy in Tehran in 1979, holding American hostages for 444 days, and the Reagan administration’s scandalous covert arms sales to Iran.

55
Q

MLK

A

advocate of non-violent protests who took part in many marches and known for his famous “I have a dream” speech

56
Q

Malcolm X

A

African American Muslim minister, criticized non-violent approach, believed in Black Nationalism

57
Q

Rosa Parks

A

known for not giving up her seat to a white passenger on a segregated bus, leading to Montgomery Bus Boycott.

58
Q

Emmett Till

A

African American teenager murdered in Mississippi for allegedly flirting with a white woman

59
Q

Little Rock Nine

A

African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School after Brown v. Board of Education and faced opposition and violence.

60
Q

Greensboro Four

A

African college students who staged a sit-in at a segregated lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina in 1960

61
Q

Mississippi

A

Southern state known for its history of racial segregation

62
Q

Cesar Chavez

A

civil rights activist, co-founder of the United Farm Workers union, fought for migrant farmworkers’ rights.

63
Q

Dolores Huerta

A

co-founder of the United Farm Workers union with Cesar Chavez, advocating for the rights of farmworkers and Latinos.

64
Q

UFW

A

United Farm Workers, founded by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta, advocating for the rights of farmworkers

65
Q

AIM

A

American Indian Movement, Native American activist organization advocating for indigenous rights and sovereignt

66
Q

Alcatraz Occupation

A

Native American protested by occupying Alcatraz in San Francisco Bay to demand return of the land to Native Americans.

67
Q

George Wallace

A

Alabama governor known segregationist views and opposition to civil rights movement

68
Q

Southern Manifesto

A

Document by Southern Congressmembers to stop integration in public places and schools

69
Q

Letter from Birmingham Jail

A

MLK’s letter from prison supporting nonviolence

70
Q

UC Regents v. Bakke

A

ruled affirmative action is legal but racial quotas are not

71
Q

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg

A

allowed using buses to desegregate schools

72
Q

Roe v. Wade

A

1971, legalized abortion nationwide based on right to privacy

73
Q

Title IX

A

banned gender discrimination in education and other things getting federal assistance

74
Q

NOW

A

National Organization for Women, founded by Friedan for equal pay and legalizing abortions

75
Q

ERA

A

Equal Rights Amendment, guaranteed equal rights under the law regardless of sex, failed to be ratified

76
Q

Betty Friedan

A

her book “The Feminine Mystique” helped spark the second wave of feminism in the United States

77
Q

Gloria Steinem

A

co-founder of Ms. magazine

78
Q

Phyllis Schlafly

A

Conservative activist and opponent of the ERA, created the Eagle Forum

79
Q

Shirley Chisholm

A

first African American woman elected to U.S. Congress

80
Q

Sandra Day O’Connor

A

first woman appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court, nominated by President Reagan in 1981.

81
Q

Freedom Summer

A

thousands of mostly white college students, traveled to Mississippi to register African American voters and set up freedom schools.

82
Q

Selma to Montgomery

A

marches, some led by MLK, to protest voter registration discrimination

83
Q

SCLC

A

Southern Christian Leadership Conference, founded by MLK for nonviolence protesting

84
Q

SNCC

A

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, by college students wanting direct action

85
Q

Nation of Islam

A

wanted black empowerment and separation from white society.

86
Q

Black Panthers

A

militant black power organization fighting for black self-defense and revolutionary change

87
Q

Mikhail Gorbachev

A

last leader of USSR, tried to help it from falling apart but didn’t work

88
Q

Miracle on Ice

A

US ice hockey team won against USSR’s team, symbolizing US’s win on Cold War

89
Q

Reaganomics

A

Reagan economic policy of tax cuts, deregulation, and a focus on free market principles

90
Q

SDI

A

US proposed missile defense system, led to USSR overspending on technology and bankrupting themselves

AP US History Flashcards (9 decks)

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