Obesity + cardiometabolic risk

Question 1

Adverse cardiometabolic effects of products of adipocytes

Answer 1

inflammation
atherosclerosis
thrombosis
type 2 diabetes
atherogenic dyslipidaemia
hypertension

Question 2

What psychological effects can obesity have

Answer 2

depression
eating disorder
distorted body image
low self esteem

Question 3

Obesity associated adverse outcomes in children

Answer 3

metabolic:
- T2DM
- metabolic syndrome

orthopaedic:
- SUFE
- Blount’s disease

cardiovascular:
- dyslipidaemia
- hypertension
- left ventricular hypertrophy
- atherosclerosis

hepatic:
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

pulmonary:
- obstructive sleep apnoea
- asthma (exacerbation)

renal:
- proteinuria

Question 4

Main obesity complications

Answer 4

hypoventilation
obstructive sleep apnoea
hirsutism
sweating
gall stones
non alcoholic fatty liver
colon cancers
sex hormone disorders
stroke
mood/self esteem
hypertension
ischaemic heart disease
thromboembolism
infertility
menorrhagia
hypogonadism
osteoarthritis
gout
diabetes
dyslipidaemia
hyperinsulinaemia

Question 5

What system can be used to stage obesity and what factors does it use?

Answer 5

edmonton obesity staging system (EOSS)

medical
mental
functional

Question 6

How is obesity treated?

Answer 6

lifestyle modification - diet, physical activity
pharmacotherapy
surgery