Cohrs et al (contemporary)

Question 1

What was the aim of the study?

Answer 1

-To examine associations between the big 5, right wing authoritarianism and social orientation dominance using self-report data.
-To show how self and peer ratings on traits match up with each other (concurrent validity)

Question 2

Describe the sample in Cohrs study 1.

Answer 2

-Included 193 participants and peers.
-Aged 18-67.
-All from Germany.
-Opportunity sampling.

Question 3

What people did the sample exclude?

Answer 3

Anyone who was homosexual, had a disability and was not from Germany.

Question 4

Describe the sample in Cohrs study.

Answer 4

-Included 424 people.
-371 people had 2 peers and 53 people only had one peer(friend).
-Half of the people came from a Jana twin registry and the other from a twin club.

Question 5

What was the procedure of study 1?

Answer 5

-Completed several questionaries to measure personality dimensions (scale 1-7) and the big 5 (Likert scale).
-Peers gave questions directly and via the main participant in sealed envelopes.

Question 6

How much were the
particpants paid to particpate?

Answer 6

12 euros

Question 7

What was the procedure of study 2?

Answer 7

-One twin was given a self-report and the other was given to a friend.
-Questionaries had specific references to Turks, wheelchair use and mental disability.
-Some questions were removed because of the results in study 1.

Question 8

What was the results in study 1?

Answer 8

-Neuroticism, extraversion and agreeableness were similar for ppt and peer.
-Ppt scored their self higher in openness than peers and lower in conscientiousness.

Question 9

What were 2 correlations from study 1?

Answer 9

-Prejudice positively correlated with RWA.
-Openness correlated negatively with RWA.

Question 10

What were the results from study 2?

Answer 10

-Self and peer ratings were similar in agreeableness and RWA.
-Ppts rated themselves higher in neuroticism and lower in extraversion, continuousness and general prejudice.

Question 11

What are two correlations from study 2?

Answer 11

-Agreeableness negatively correlates with SDO and RWA.
-RWA correlates positively with prejudice.

Question 12

What was the conclusion from study 1?

Answer 12

-Results indicate personality does correlate with prejudice.
-Lower openness and high conscientiousness means a person is more prejudice and RWA.

Question 13

What was the conclusion from study 2?

Answer 13

-Personality dimensions and ideological views correlate with prejudice.
-Self reports and peer reports match up with each other (concurrent validity).

Question 14

What is ideological views/beliefs?

Answer 14

Refers to the beliefs people have about the needs of their own society and what they believe their society requires to benefit from their society and culture.

Question 15

How a is the study generalisable?

Answer 15

-Included many participants of both genders, wide range of answers so can explain many peoples behaviour.

Question 16

How is the study reliable?

Answer 16

-Tests were all standardised and participants all received the same questions about SDO and RWA.

Question 17

How is the study valid?

Answer 17

-The study tested the effects of social desirability gathering self and peer reports to make the data more valid.
-Results in study 2 are high in concurrent validity.

Question 18

How is the study ethical?

Answer 18

-Did not mention details of participants in the study- very confidential.

Question 19

How does using all closed questions effect the study?

Answer 19

-Prevents ppts from explaining their answers.
-so the study cannot explain everything, makes it less valid.

Question 20

How is the applicability of the study limited?

Answer 20

-The research is only correlational so their could be other factors which effect prejudice so it is limited to explaining real world behaviour.

Question 21

How does social desirability effect the study?

Answer 21

-People may have lied in some answers as they were answering about themselves or a friend therefore lowering the reliability and validity.

Question 22

Why is the study not very generalisable?

Answer 22

-The study was only conducted on one culture (ethnocentric) so is only representative of that one culture as Germans may act different to other cultures.

Question 23

Why is the opportunity sampling used good and bad?

Answer 23

Good; can test people from a variety of jobs, ages and backgrounds ,
Bad: ppts may have shared characteristics as they were gathered from the same place so the sample is less representative.

Question 24

How is subjectivity involved in the study?

Answer 24

As self-report methods are used participants may interpret scales differently which therefore lowers validity.