146 Maintenance Flashcards
(56 cards)
1
Q
- microscopic, causes diseases
* classifications: fungi, bacteria, virus, mycoplasma, nematodes, viroids
A
Pathogens
2
Q
- pathogen dispersed through mycelia & spores (thread-like growth)
- found in air
A
Fungi
3
Q
- one-celled pathogen
* reproduce by cell division
A
Bacteria
4
Q
- pathogen
- complex molecules that infect, multiply
- act like living organisms in plant
A
Viruses
5
Q
- pathogens
- no rigid wall
- bigger than viruses, smaller than bacteria
A
Mycoplasma
6
Q
- thread-like roundworms
- occur in soil and plant parts
- interfere with plant functions (attack roots)
- Control: cut of infected roots and replant; soil fumigant
A
Nematodes
7
Q
• like viruses with no rigid cell wall
• infects only plants
• smaller than viruses (infects all types)
A
Viroids
8
Q
- kills host cells & slows metabolism
- blocks food, water and nutrient passage
- taking over genetic control
- absorbing/ consuming cell contents
- multiplies in great numbers
A
Pathogens
9
Q
- enters through wounds and natural openings (stomates, leaf scars)
- spread by contact w/ infected plants or tools
A
Pathogens
10
Q
Control:
• cover wound w/ antiseptic prep (white lead, tar, or paint)
• lime into the ground
• fungicide - Bordeaux mixture (copper sulphate, lime and water)
A
Pathogens
11
Q
- chewing insect
- voracious feeders
- cause extensive damage to leaves and fruits
- control: kill instantly, spray with stomach poison
A
Caterpillar
12
Q
- chewing insect - feeds on leaves and buds at night
- enemy of rose growers
- control: hand-pick at night, 2x a week; light traps
A
Beetles
13
Q
- chewing insect
- Control: paradichlorbenzene crystals to the soil
- stems turn yellow, dies down to its roots
- larva of beetles
A
Grubworms (ulalo) > toy beetles (salagubang)
Wireworms
14
Q
- sucking insect
- soft-bodied, pear-shaped
- secretes colorless honeydew (attracts ants)
- sooty mold (black fungus)
- Control: tobacco juice or soap
A
Aphids / Plant Lice
15
Q
- sucking insect
- puncture plant tissue and suck juices (winged males are harmless)
- white specks
A
Scales / Mealy Bugs
16
Q
- microscopic sucking insects
- causes leaf spots
- red, brown, black or white
- rapid infestation, 10 days for full life cycle
A
Mites
17
Q
Control:
• Contact poison (nicotine sulphate or Blackleaf 40)
• soap + Blackleaf 40
• Tobacco juice
A
Sucking insects
18
Q
Control: • Stomach Poison (lead arsenate, 2-5 tb per gallon of water) • DDT • Endrine • Malathione
A
Chewing Insects
19
Q
• plant eater • prolific, produces thousands of eggs • Control: metaldehyde baits clean and tidy garden area pour boiling water/ salt lime
A
Snails
20
Q
Consists of:
Endrine
Resitox
Malathion
A
Insecticides
21
Q
Type of poison
• arsenate of lead (slow-acting, poisonous, doesn’t burn leaves)
• calcium arsenate (injures tender foliage)
• paris green
A
Stomach Poisons
22
Q
Type of poison
• paris green baits (for grasshoppers and beetles)
• mateldehyde baits
A
stomach poisons
23
Q
Type of poison
• nicotine sulphate
• kerosene emulsion
• soap spray (aphids and thrips)
A
Contact poisons
24
Q
Water pressure inside cells that make up plant skeleton, keeps it from wilting
A
Turgor
25
Flat, disc-shaped bodies within the chloroplasts
| Arrange themselves in rows
Grana
26
Weight (%) of water in foliage plant
85%
27
* Helps in plant's vegetative and reproductive stages
* stems, leaves, growth
* most important element lacking in soil
* 10
| * best applied with combination of ammonium and nitrate
Nitrogen (N)
28
* essential to all plant growth functions
* hastens maturity and stiffens tissues
* best in liquid form
Phosphorous (P)
29
* maintains plant vigor
* increase resistance to disease
* more difficult to leach
Potassium (K)
30
* integral component of cell walls
* needed in new tissue
* forms: lime, dolomite - corrects acidic soils
Calcium (Ca)
31
* comprises nucleus of chlorophyll
* respiration, Nitrogen assimilation
| * smol amounts onli
Magnesium (Mg)
32
* absence causes chlorosis (pale and yellow leaves)
| * amino acids, proteins, oils
Sulfur (S)
33
* gives green color to leaves (nucleus of protochlorophyll)
* best in chelated form (combined w others)
* catalyst for ongoing chemical reactions
Iron (Fe)
34
* dependent on bacterial action to release nutrients
* slow-acting type of fertilizer
* types: blood, bone meal, manure, sludge
Organic Fertilizer
35
Process of multiplying / increasing number of plants of the same species and at the same time
Plant Propagation
36
* type of propagation
| * most economical and fastest
Sexual Propagation
37
* Type of plant propagation
| * Development of new plant (natural or artificial) without the use of seeds
Asexual Propagation
38
* Type of asexual propagation
* plant multiplication by means of the growing parts (crown, suckers, tubers, root stock, corms, rhizomes, etc
* i.e. gabi, sweet potato, strawberry, pineapple, garlic
Vegetative / Natural Propagation
39
* Type of asexual propagation
* multiplication by use of parts and buds from mother plant
* methods: cuttings, layering, marcotting, grafting, budding and inarching
* i.e. ornamentals, grapes, black pepper, fruit trees
Artificial Propagation
40
Propagation starting from very small plants grown aseptically in test tubes or other containers
Aseptic Micropropagation
41
* Type of asexual propagation
| * detached portion from mother plant (1/3 to 1/2 length) is inserted in soil
Cutting
42
* type of asexual propagation
* inducing branch / twigs to produce roots while still attached to parent plant
* cambium layer scraped off
* wrapped with moist sphagnum moss
Marcotting / Air Layering
43
* type of asexual propagation
* joining rootstock and scion until permanent union
* whip and tongue method is most ideal
Grafting
44
* plant propagation method of inserting a single bud from a desirable plant into an opening in the bark of a compatible rootstock
* types: shield (citrus) and patch (fruit trees with thick bark)
Budding
45
* plant propagation method of bending a branch and submerging it into the soil
* also suitable for fast-growing vines
Layering
46
* plant propagation method of dividing underground stems or new shoots
* can be used in rhizomes, tubers, palms, clumps of daisies, or suckers
Separation
47
Type of fertilizer
- aids soil aeration and drainage
- reduces compaction
- used when soil is needed to dry out completely before watering (i.e. cactus)
Perlite
48
Type of fertilizer
- absorbs water for plants that require damp soil
- good for seed starting
- can cause root rot (less oxygen for plants)
Vermiculite
49
A long, stick-like tool used to make holes for seeds and seedlings to make sure they're sufficiently buried in the soil without damage
Dibber
50
Garden tool smaller than a shovel; used for breaking up earth, digging holes, etc.
Trowel
51
# Plant Family
- flowering
- common house plants
- perennials, evergreen
- heart / arrow leaves
- toxic
- alocasia, monstera, peace lily, ivy
Araceae
52
# Plant Family
- hollow stems
- parallel veins
- leaves weapped around stems
- capitate (flowers shaped like a head/ located at the end of stems)
- grass, corn, wheat, oats
Poaceae
| Grasses
53
# Plant Family
- flowering
- edible
- okra, durian, hibiscus, cotton tree
Malvaceae
54
# Plant Family
- disk florets
- sunflowers, daisies, chrysantemums, dandelions
Asteraceae
| Sunflower Family
55
# Plant Family
- agricultural
- beans, peas, peanuts, lentils
Fabaceae
| Peas / Legumes
56
# Plant Family
- edible (veggies) or toxic
- eggplant, tomato, potato, capsicum
Solanaceae
| Nightshade
