Chapter 4: Descriptive Research Methods Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different methods of observation?

A

Naturalistic (better ecological or external validity-generalizable) or Laboratory (better internal validity-causality)

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2
Q

What are methods of data collection? (For observational)

A

Narrative records, checklists, behavior being scored as it happens or later with a recording

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3
Q

What are qualitative methods? (Numerical and Ordinal)

A

Case Study Method, Archival Method, Interviews and Focus-Group Interviews, Field studies, Action Research

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4
Q

What are types of questions to avoid in a survey?

A

Loaded, leading, double-barreled, questions leading to response bias

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5
Q

How should you arrange the questions?

A

Organize into subsets, put the most sensitive at the end, put demographic at the end

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6
Q

What is probability sampling?

A

Each member of the population has a known probability of being selected; random, stratified random, and cluster

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7
Q

What is nonprobability sampling?

A

Each member of the population does not have a known probability of being selected for the sample; convenience/haphazard sampling, quota sampling

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8
Q

What is stratified random sampling?

A

To make sure the sample is representative of relevant sub sample in the population, randomly sample according to their percentages in the population

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9
Q

What is cluster sampling?

A

What the relevant population is too large/inaccessible for random sampling; randomly sample from a subset of the population that is accessible but still representative

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10
Q

What is convenience/haphazard sampling?

A

Sampling from whatever source is convenient regardless of representativeness of population

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11
Q

What is quota sampling?

A

Sampling from whatever source is convenient regardless of whether it is representative, except sampling is from relevant subsamples according to their percentages in the population

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