Chapter 4: Descriptive Research Methods Flashcards
What are the different methods of observation?
Naturalistic (better ecological or external validity-generalizable) or Laboratory (better internal validity-causality)
What are methods of data collection? (For observational)
Narrative records, checklists, behavior being scored as it happens or later with a recording
What are qualitative methods? (Numerical and Ordinal)
Case Study Method, Archival Method, Interviews and Focus-Group Interviews, Field studies, Action Research
What are types of questions to avoid in a survey?
Loaded, leading, double-barreled, questions leading to response bias
How should you arrange the questions?
Organize into subsets, put the most sensitive at the end, put demographic at the end
What is probability sampling?
Each member of the population has a known probability of being selected; random, stratified random, and cluster
What is nonprobability sampling?
Each member of the population does not have a known probability of being selected for the sample; convenience/haphazard sampling, quota sampling
What is stratified random sampling?
To make sure the sample is representative of relevant sub sample in the population, randomly sample according to their percentages in the population
What is cluster sampling?
What the relevant population is too large/inaccessible for random sampling; randomly sample from a subset of the population that is accessible but still representative
What is convenience/haphazard sampling?
Sampling from whatever source is convenient regardless of representativeness of population
What is quota sampling?
Sampling from whatever source is convenient regardless of whether it is representative, except sampling is from relevant subsamples according to their percentages in the population
