Chapter 10: Stereotype, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Question 1

Auto-stereotypes

Answer 1

a stereotype that one holds about one’s own group

Question 2

Aversive prejudice

Answer 2

conscious endorsement of unprejudiced beliefs about a group while at the same time holding unconscious negative attitudes toward the group

Question 3

Benevolent sexism

Answer 3

having positive, but patronizing, views of women

Question 4

Confirmation bias

Answer 4

the tendency to search for information that supports one’s initial view

Question 5

Discrimination

Answer 5

behaviour directed against people solely because of their membership in a particular group

Question 6

Cross-ethnic identification bias

Answer 6

the tendency to see out-group members as looking very similar to one another, and showing greater accuracy for recognizing in-group members than out-group members

Question 7

Hetero-stereotypes

Answer 7

stereotypes about other groups

Question 8

Hostile sexism

Answer 8

feelings of hostility toward women based on their threat to men’s power

Question 9

Illusory correlation

Answer 9

the tendency to overestimate the association between variables that are only slightly or not at all correlated

Question 10

In-group favouritism

Answer 10

the tendency to evaluate one’s in-group more positively than out-groups

Question 11

Meta-stereotype

Answer 11

a person’s beliefs about the stereotypes that out-group members hold about the person’s own group

Question 12

Out-group homogeneity effect

Answer 12

people’s tendency to underestimate the variability of out-group members compared to the variability of in-group members

Question 13

Perceptual confirmation

Answer 13

the tendency to see things in line with one’s expectations

Question 14

Prejudice

Answer 14

hostile or negative feelings about people based on their membership in a certain group

Question 15

Rejection-identification model

Answer 15

a model that proposes that people in disadvantaged groups experience a negative impact on their wellbeing when they perceive prejudice and discrimination against themselves

Question 16

Reverse discrimination

Answer 16

preferential treatment of people in stereotyped groups

Question 17

Shifting standards model

Answer 17

a model that posits that people within a group are more often compared to others within that group rather than to people in other groups

Question 18

Social categorization

Answer 18

the practice of classifying people into in-groups based on attributes that the person has in common with the in-group or out-group

Question 19

Social dominance orientation (SDO)

Answer 19

a personality variable that shows preference for maintaining hierarchy both within groups and between groups

Question 20

Stereotype

Answer 20

a belief that associates a whole group of people with a certain trait

Question 21

Stereotype threat

Answer 21

the fear that one’s behaviour may confirm an existing cultural stereotype, which then disrupts one’s performance

Question 22

Subcategorization

Answer 22

the maintenance of prior beliefs by creating separate categories for people who disconfirm these stereotypes

Question 23

Ultimate attribution error

Answer 23

an error in which people make dispositional attributions for negative behaviour and situational attributions for positive behaviour by out-group members, yet show the reverse attributions for successes and failures for their in-group members