Small Urinary A&P review

Question 1

Functional unit of kidney

Answer 1

Nephron

Question 2

Each kidney is divided into an

Answer 2

Outer cortex and inner medulla

Question 3

Nephron function

Answer 3

The basic functional unit responsible for filtering blood and producing urine

Question 4

Components of nephron

Answer 4

Renal corpuscle (bowman’s capsule and glomerulus) and renal tubule (proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, and distal convoluted tubule)

Question 5

Filtration

Answer 5

Occurs in renal corpuscle
Blood is filtered; water and small molecules pass into the Bowman’s capsule, forming the filtrate

Question 6

Reabsorption

Answer 6

Mainly occurs in the renal tubules
Essential substances (water, glucose, ions) are reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the bloodstream

Question 7

Secretion

Answer 7

Occurs in the renal tubules
Additional waste products are actively transported from the blood into the filtrate

Question 8

Loop of henle

Answer 8

Establishes an osmotic gradient, allowing the concentration of urine by reabsorbing water

Question 9

RAAS

Answer 9

Renin angiotensin aldosterone system

Question 10

Renin

Answer 10

Released in response to low BP
Converts angiotensin to angiotensin 1

Question 11

Angiotensin 2

Answer 11

Stimulates the release of aldosterone, promoting sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion

Question 12

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 12

Released in response to dehydration
Increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts, reducing urine volume

Question 13

Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule

Answer 13

Surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate r