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NAT5 Chemistry > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but a different mass number

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2
Q

What is Relative Atomic Mass (RAM)?

A

It is the average mass of the atoms in an element taking into account the different isotopes and their relative abundance

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3
Q

What are elements in the periodic table arranged in?

A

They are arranged in atomic number

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4
Q

How are ions formed?

A

They are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons

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5
Q

What happens if an atom gains an electron?

A

It becomes a negatively charged ion

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6
Q

What happens if an atom loses an electron?

A

It becomes a positively charged ion

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7
Q

What do atoms achieve by forming ions?

A

They achieve the same electron arrangement as the nearest Noble Gas

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8
Q

What are Diatomic molecules made up of?

A

They are made up of only two atoms

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9
Q

What are the 7 diatomic elements?

A

Oxygen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Iodine, Bromine

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10
Q

How are atoms joined together?

A

They are joined together by bonds

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11
Q

What are atoms?

A

They are the building blocks which make up everything in the universe

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12
Q

Why do atoms bond?

A

Atoms bond to achieve the most stable outer electron arrangement-a full outer shell

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13
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A covalent bond is 2 positive nuclei held together by their common attraction for the shared pair of negative electroms

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14
Q

What are covalent bonds formed between?

A

2 non-metals

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15
Q

What do you need to break a covalent bond?

A

Lots of energy as they are extremely strong forces of attraction.

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16
Q

How do atoms form bonds?

A

By using the electrons in their outer most energy level

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17
Q

What do bonding diagrams do?

A

They give a simplified picture of an atoms outer electrons

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18
Q

What is everything in the world made out of?

A

118 elements

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19
Q

What do molecules exist in?

A

3 dimensions

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20
Q

What does the shape of a covalent molecule depend on?

A

The number and orientation of central bonds around the atom

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21
Q

How can you show the shape of a molecule?

A

By using a perspective drawing

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22
Q

What are the 3 types of perspective bonds?

A

—straight
—> wedged
- - > dashed

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23
Q

What are the diagram names for elements with different numbers of substances?

A

If there is 1 substance present: linear
If there is 2 substance present: angular
If there is 3 substance present: trigonal pyramidal
If there is 4 substance present: tetrahedral

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24
Q

What is a proton?

A

A proton is a positively charged particle with a mass of 1 amu, and it is located in the cell nucleus

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25
Q

What is an electron?

A

An electron is a negatively charged particle with a mass of nearly 0 amu, and it is found orbiting the nucleus

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26
Q

What is a neutron?

A

It is a particle with a neutral charge which is found in the nucleus of a cell, it has a mass of 1 amu

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27
Q

What are atoms made up of?

A

Protons, neutrons, electrons

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28
Q

What is broken when covalent molecular compounds melt or boil?

A

The weak intermolecular forces are broken

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29
Q

What is left intact when covalent molecular compounds melt or boil?

A

The strong covalent bonds are left intact

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30
Q

If less energy is required in melting covalent molecular compounds…

A

Less energy required = low melting and boiling points

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31
Q

What do Covalent Networks exist as?

A

They exist as giant network structures held together by covalent bonds

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32
Q

If lots of energy is required to break the strong covalent bonds…

A

Lots of energy = high melting and boiling points

33
Q

How much energy is required to make strong covalent bonds?

A

LOTS

34
Q

What does each element have?

A

A name and a symbol

35
Q

The alkali metals are?

A

-Very reactive
-Soft (can be cut with a knife)
-Are stored under oil
-React with water to form an alkaline solution
-React with oxygen to form metal oxides

36
Q

The transition metals are?

A

-Hard and Dense
-Less reactive than the alkali metals
-Used in Catalysts
-Form coloured comounds

37
Q

The Halogens are?

A

-Diatomic Elements
-All toxic
-Fluorine added to toothpaste to prevent decay
-Iodine used to treat wounds
-Chlorine used to sterilise swimming pools

38
Q

The Noble Gasses are?

A

-The least reactive group of elements
-Not reactive at all

39
Q

Where is the mass number of an element?

A

On the top

40
Q

Where is the atomic number of an element?

A

At the bottom

41
Q

If atoms of the same element bond what do they become?

A

They become a molecule of that element

42
Q

What can covalent substances form?

A

They can form either discrete molecular or giant network structures

43
Q

What does the Chemical Formula of a covalent molecular substance give?

A

It gives the number of atoms present in the molecule

44
Q

Can different elements form a different number of bonds?

A

Yes

45
Q

What is valency?

A

Valency is the atoms ability to combine with other atoms

46
Q

What are 1-7 in Roman Numerals?

A

1- I
2- II
3- III
4- IV
5- V
6- VI
7- VII

47
Q

What does SVSDF stand for?

A

Symbol
Valency
Swap
Divide
Formula

48
Q

What are the prefixes for 1-7?

A

Mono-1
Di-2
Tri-3
Tetra-4
Penta-5
Hexa-6
Hepta-7

49
Q

What does ionic bonding occurs between?

A

Between a metal and a non-metal

50
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

It is the electrostatic force of attraction between positive and negative ions

51
Q

What is an ionic lattice?

A

It is a giant arrangement of ions held together by electrostatic attraction

52
Q

What do ionic lattices consist of?

A

They consists of millions of ions held together in a lattice by ionic bonds

53
Q

How do you break strong ionic bonds?

A

With lots of energy

54
Q

What are ionic compounds at room temperature?

A

They are always solids at room temperature

55
Q

What does the formula of an ionic compound give?

A

It gives the simplest ratio of ions in a substance

56
Q

What does ionic formula show?

A

It shows the charge on each of the ions

57
Q

What is a group ion?

A

It is an ion which contains more than one type of atom

58
Q

What is an electrical current?

A

It is a flow of charged particles

59
Q

What do electrical conductors allow?

A

They allow electrical currents to flow through them

60
Q

What do non conductors not allow?

A

They don’t allow an electrical current to flow through them

61
Q

What elements conduct electricity?

A

Metal elements and carbon (in the form of graphite)

62
Q

Why can metals conduct electricity?

A

Because electrons can flow through them

63
Q

What do atoms share in covalent bonds?

A

They share a pair of electrons

64
Q

Is electricity conducted in covalent bonds?

A

No, because the atoms share a pair of electrons, therefore the electrons are not free to move about

65
Q

Describe the outer electrons of metal atoms?

A

They are not attached to a particular atom and are free to move about. They are delocalised

66
Q

Do non-metals conduct electricity?

A

No, because they don’t have charged particles that can move

67
Q

What does carbon in the form of Graphite have?

A

It has a layered covalent network structure

68
Q

What does a carbon atom use for bonding?

A

It uses only 3 electrons and the remaining electron is delocalised over the whole structure

69
Q

Why can graphite conduct electricity?

A

Because electrons can flow through it

70
Q

Do covalent compounds conduct electricity?

A

NO

71
Q

Do ionic compounds conduct electricity in the solid state?

A

No, because the ions are not free to move

72
Q

When do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

A

When dissolved in water or when molten

73
Q

What happens when ionic compounds dissolve in water?

A

The lattice breaks, and the ions are free to move, therefore the conduction of electricity can occur

74
Q

What do covalent substances which are insoluble in water dissolve in?

A

They dissolve in other solvents

75
Q

What are many ionic compounds soluble in?

A

Water

76
Q

Do covalent network substances dissolve?

A

No

77
Q

What happens as covalent molecular substances dissolve?

A

The lattice structures break up allowing water molecules to surround the seperated ions

78
Q

What are discrete covalent molecules?

A

Small groups of atoms held together by covalent bonds

NAT5 Chemistry (9 decks)

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