unit 3 - salt formation

Question 1

what are salts?

Answer 1

salts are ionic compounds that are formed during neutralisation reactions

Question 2

what happens during the reaction of salt formation?

Answer 2

the hydrogen ions of the acid are replaced by metal ions or ammonium ions

Question 3

what do salts contain?

Answer 3

salts contain a positive metal ion (or ammonium ion) from the base and a negative ion from the acid

Question 4

how do you name salts?

Answer 4

1st name = positive metal ion of the base (ammonia becomes ammonium)
2nd name = negative ion present in the acid

Question 5

what does hydrochloric acid make when naming salts?

Answer 5

salt chlorides

Question 6

what does sulfuric acid make when naming salts?

Answer 6

salt sulfates

Question 7

what does nitric acid make when naming salts?

Answer 7

salt nitrates

Question 8

what does an acid and an alkali make?

Answer 8

acid + alkali = salt + water

Question 9

what is an ionic equation?

Answer 9

it is an equation which shows the ions involved in the reaction seperated out with their charges

Question 10

what is a spectator ion?

Answer 10

it is an ion which appears on both sides of the ionic equation unchanged

Question 11

what is the concentration of a solution expressed in?

Answer 11

it is expressed in moles per litre (mol l-1)

Question 12

what does n, c, v stand for in concentration equations?

Answer 12

n= number of moles
c= concentration (mol l-1)
v= volume (litres)

Question 13

how would you turn cm3 into litres?

Answer 13

divide it by 1000

Question 14

how would you turn litres into cm3?

Answer 14

multiply it by 1000

Question 15

what is a standard solution?

Answer 15

it is a solution whose concentration is known accurately

Question 16

what is knowing the exact concentration of solution important for?

Answer 16

carrying out calculations involving that solution

Question 17

What is a solution?

Answer 17

it is a mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent

Question 18

How do you prepare a standard solution?

Answer 18

1. accurately weigh the substance in a small beaker
2. add a small volume of deionised water and stir to dissolve
3. transfer to a standard flask along with the washings from the other
4. make up to the mark carefully using distilled water
5. invert several times to mix thoroughly

Question 19

what is the best way to weigh something?

Answer 19

weigh the container empty, then weigh the container with the sample, and then subtract one from the other

Question 20

what is a volumetric titration?

Answer 20

it is an experiment in which the volumes of reacting liquids are accurately measured

Question 21

what is used to measure the acid and alkali in acid/alkali titrations?

Answer 21

alkali is measured with a pipette and the acid is measured with a burette

Question 22

what do neutralisation reactions produce?

Answer 22

soluble salts

Question 23

what are insoluble salts made in?

Answer 23

a reaction called precipitation

Question 24

when can a precipitation reaction be identified?

Answer 24

it can be identified when soluble reactants make an insoluble product

Question 25

what is titre?

Answer 25

how much you have added

Question 26

what does concordant mean?

Answer 26

agree within 0.2mL

Question 27

what is the steep part of a plateau for?

Answer 27

the fast rate of reaction

Question 28

what is the flat part of a plateau for?

Answer 28

the slower rate of reaction