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Angielski CPE > English 5.0 > Flashcards

English 5.0 Flashcards

1
Q

Adjective

Askew

Skewed, lopsided, off-center

English 5.0

A

Not straight or level; out of line.

His hat was askew after the gusty wind.

krzywy, przekrzywiony, na ukos, skośny

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2
Q

Adjective (informal)

Foul up

Botched, messed up, bungled

English 5.0

A

an occasion when something is spoiled by a stupid mistake

The plans got fouled up due to miscommunication.

zepsuty, zanieczyszczony, zrujnowany, pokręcony

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3
Q

Adjective

Incumbent

Current, present, sitting

English 5.0

A

Currently holding a specified position.

The incumbent mayor faced tough competition.

obecny, urzędujący, zajmujący stanowisko, sprawujący urząd

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4
Q

Verb

Trot

Jog, canter, lope

English 5.0

A

To run at a moderate pace with short steps.

She decided to trot to catch the bus.

kłusować, biec truchtem, truchtać, pędzić

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5
Q

Noun

Yellow brick road

Pathway, route, journey

English 5.0

A

A metaphorical path leading to a hoped-for destination or condition.

He followed his own yellow brick road to success.

żółta, brukowana droga, droga do sukcesu, ścieżka marzeń, trasa do celu

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6
Q

Adjective

Fledgling

Beginner, novice, neophyte

English 5.0

A

Inexperienced or underdeveloped, particularly in a profession or activity.

The fledgling actor landed his first role.

początkujący, świeżo upieczony, niedoświadczony, nowicjusz

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7
Q

Noun (informal)

Bunk

Nonsense, hogwash, balderdash

English 5.0

A

Nonsense or foolishness.

His excuse for being late was pure bunk.

bzdura, nonsens, głupota, brednie

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8
Q

Noun

Vantage

Advantage, viewpoint, perspective

English 5.0

A

A position giving a strategic advantage, commanding perspective, or comprehensive view.

From this vantage, the entire valley was visible.

punkt widzenia, przewaga, korzystna pozycja, dogodne miejsce

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9
Q

Phrasal Verb

Come about

Happen, occur, take place

English 5.0

A

To happen or take place.

How did this misunderstanding come about?

zdarzyć się, nastąpić, wydarzyć się, pojawić się

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10
Q

Verb

Tumble

Fall, topple, plummet

English 5.0

A

To fall suddenly, clumsily, or headlong.

He tumbled off the bed in his sleep.

upadać, przewracać się, spadać, potykać się

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11
Q

Verb

Tuck

Fold, insert, snug

English 5.0

A

To put something into a small space, especially to make it tidy.

She tucked the note into her pocket.

wsuwać, chować, wtykać, zaginąć

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12
Q

Verb

Wind up

Conclude, finish, end up

English 5.0

A

To bring to a conclusion or end.

The meeting finally wound up at midnight.

zakończyć, skończyć, dokończyć, zwinąć

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13
Q

Adjective

Long-standing

Long-lasting, enduring, established

English 5.0

A

Having existed or continued for a long time.

Their long-standing friendship was admired by all.

długotrwały, utrzymujący się długo, długoletni, trwały

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14
Q

Noun

Fondness

Affection, liking, love

English 5.0

A

Affection or liking for someone or something.

Her fondness for chocolate was well-known.

przywiązanie, miłość, zamiłowanie, sympatia

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15
Q

Noun

Proclivity

Inclination, tendency, predisposition

English 5.0

A

A natural inclination or tendency to behave in a particular way.

He has a proclivity for dramatic entrances.

skłonność, tendencja, predyspozycja, zamiłowanie

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16
Q

Noun

Self-pity

Self-indulgence, self-sorrow, self-commiseration

English 5.0

A

Feeling sorry for oneself; self-indulgent dwelling on one’s own sorrows or misfortunes.

She wallowed in self-pity after the rejection.

samożal, litość nad sobą, rozczulanie się nad sobą, autolitość

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17
Q

Noun

Chalk

Talc, gypsum, carbonate

English 5.0

A

A soft white limestone used for writing on blackboards and in various industrial applications.

The teacher wrote the lesson on the blackboard with chalk.

kreda, wapień, skała osadowa, minerał

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18
Q

Adjective

Par excellence

Outstanding, exemplary, superlative

English 5.0

A

Being the best or most outstanding of its kind.

She is a pianist par excellence.

doskonały, wybitny, znakomity, niezrównany

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19
Q

Noun (specialized)

Cognitive constellation

Mental framework, thought pattern, intellectual arrangement

English 5.0

A

A complex of ideas, thoughts, and mental patterns related to cognitive processes.

*His research focused on the cognitive constellation in decision-making.

konstelacja poznawcza, układ poznawczy, wzór myślenia, struktura umysłowa

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20
Q

Adjective

Entrenched

Rooted, ingrained, established

English 5.0

A

Firmly established and difficult to change.

His beliefs are deeply entrenched.

zakorzeniony, utrwalony, głęboko zakorzeniony, niezmienny

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21
Q

Adjective (informal)

Sore

Upset, irritable, resentful

English 5.0

A

Feeling anger or annoyance.

He was sore about losing the game.

obrażony, zły, rozgniewany, urażony

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22
Q

Phrasal Verb

Blow something

Waste, squander, ruin

English 5.0

A

To waste or ruin an opportunity or chance.

He blew his chances at the interview.

zmarnować, zaprzepaścić, zrujnować, przekreślić

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23
Q

Phrasal Verb

Back down

Retreat, yield, give in

English 5.0

A

To admit you were wrong or admit defeat

She refused to back down in the argument.

ustąpić, wycofać się, dać za wygraną, poddać się

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24
Q

Noun (informal)

Hodge-podge

Mishmash, jumble, medley

English 5.0

A

A confused or disorderly mixture of various things.

His essay was a hodge-podge of ideas.

mieszanina, miszmasz, bałagan, gąszcz

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25
Q

Adjective

Distasteful

Unpleasant, disagreeable, offensive

English 5.0

A

Causing dislike or aversion; unpleasant.

The joke he told was quite distasteful.

nieprzyjemny, odrażający, niesmaczny, nie do przyjęcia

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26
Q

Verb

Emerge

Appear, surface, come out

English 5.0

A

To become apparent or come into view.

A dolphin emerged from the water.

wynurzyć się, pojawić się, ukazać się, wyłonić się

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27
Q

Phrase

To hold dear

Cherish, treasure, value

English 5.0

A

To regard with deep affection or attachment.

She holds her family memories dear.

cenić, pielęgnować, hołdować, miłować

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28
Q

Adjective

Budding

Emerging, developing, nascent

English 5.0

A

Beginning to develop or showing signs of future potential.

A budding artist, her talent was unmistakable.

początkujący, rozwijający się, w zarodku, obiecujący

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29
Q

Adjective

Deferential

Respectful, reverential, considerate

English 5.0

A

Showing respectful submission or yielding to the judgment, opinion, or will of another.

His tone was deferential to his superior.

pełen szacunku, uległy, respektujący, pokorny

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30
Q

Adjective

Trodden

Walked on, trampled, stepped on

English 5.0

A

Having been walked on or stepped on frequently.

The well-trodden path led to the lake.

uczęszczany, wydeptany, zdeptany, wyślizgany

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31
Q

Verb

Precipitate

Hasten, trigger, cause

English 5.0

A

To cause something to happen suddenly or unexpectedly.

Her resignation precipitated a crisis.

przyspieszać, wywoływać, spowodować, zainicjować

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32
Q

Adjective

Preeminent

Leading, foremost, outstanding

English 5.0

A

Surpassing all others; very distinguished in some way.

She is a preeminent figure in contemporary art.

wybitny, wiodący, niezrównany, znakomity

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33
Q

Verb

Surmise

Conjecture, guess, infer

English 5.0

A

To suppose something is true without having evidence to confirm it.

He surmised that she was late.

przypuszczać, domyślać się, zgadywać, wnioskować

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34
Q

Verb

Solidify

Harden, congeal, firm up

English 5.0

A

To make or become firm or solid.

The plans began to solidify.

utwardzać, zastygać, konsolidować, umacniać

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35
Q

Noun

Inklings

Hints, suggestions, clues

English 5.0

A

a feeling that something is true or likely to happen, although you are not certain:

He had inklings of the truth.

podejrzenia, przypuszczenia, domysły, ślady

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36
Q

Noun (informal)

Black eye

Shiner, bruise, discoloration

English 5.0

A

A bruise around the eye resulting from an injury.

He got a black eye during the match.

podbite oko, siniak, stłuczenie, sińce

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37
Q

Verb

Circulate

Spread, disseminate, propagate

English 5.0

A

To cause to become widely known or spread.

The idea quickly circulated among the group.

rozpowszechniać, krążyć, obiegać, rozprzestrzeniać się

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38
Q

Noun

Mashed potatoes

Pureed, whipped, creamy potatoes

English 5.0

A

Potatoes that have been boiled and crushed into a soft, creamy consistency.

She served mashed potatoes with the roast.

puree ziemniaczane, tłuczone ziemniaki, zmiażdżone ziemniaki, ugniecione ziemniaki

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39
Q

Adjective (informal)

Jumped up

Pretentious, self-important, overbearing

English 5.0

A

Behaving or considered to be acting more important than is warranted.

His jumped-up attitude irritated his colleagues.

nadęty, pretensjonalny, zarozumiały, pełen zadęcia

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40
Q

Phrase

Let someone have it

Attack, scold, reprimand

English 5.0

A

To attack or scold someone vigorously.

When he got home, his mom let him have it for being late.

dać komuś popalić, dać komuś w kość, zbesztać, zaatakować

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41
Q

Adjective

Subservient

Subordinate, submissive, secondary

English 5.0

A

Prepared to obey others unquestioningly; less important.

He was subservient to his boss.

poddany, służalczy, uległy, drugorzędny

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42
Q

Noun

Juncture

Conjunction, intersection, point

English 5.0

A

A particular point in events or time.

At this critical juncture, every decision counts.

moment, punkt zwrotny, połączenie, przecięcie

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43
Q

Verb

Jeopardize

Endanger, risk, threaten

English 5.0

A

To put someone or something into a situation where there is a risk of loss, harm, or failure.

His actions jeopardize the whole project.

zagrozić, narażać, ryzykować, zagrażać

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44
Q

Noun

Outlet

Vent, channel, means of expression

English 5.0

A

A means by which something is released or expressed.

Painting was an emotional outlet for him.

ujście, kanał, sposób na wyrażenie, środek wyrazu

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45
Q

Verb

Mitigate

Alleviate, lessen, reduce

English 5.0

A

To make less severe, serious, or painful.

Measures were taken to mitigate the environmental impact.

łagodzić, zmniejszać, osłabiać, redukować

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46
Q

Verb

Smother

Suffocate, stifle, suppress

English 5.0

A

To cover or envelop completely, sometimes to the point of suppression.

He tried to smother the flames with a blanket.

dusić, tłumić, zasłaniać, przytłaczać

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47
Q

Noun

Stool

Seat, bench, footrest

English 5.0

A

A seat without a back or arms, typically resting on three or four legs or on a single pedestal.

He sat on the stool at the bar.

taboret, stołek, siedzenie, podnóżek

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48
Q

Phrase

To the fore

In the front, prominent, ahead

English 5.0

A

Into a position of prominence or importance.

New leaders came to the fore in the community.

na czoło, na pierwszy plan, do przodu, na prowadzenie

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49
Q

Adjective

Hapless

Unfortunate, unlucky, ill-fated

English 5.0

A

Having no luck; unfortunate.

The hapless travelers lost their map.

nieszczęśliwy, pechowy, niefortunny, nieszczęsny

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50
Q

Adjective

Despondent

Depressed, downhearted, disheartened

English 5.0

A

In low spirits from loss of hope or courage.

He became despondent after his application was rejected.

przygnębiony, zniechęcony, bez nadziei, smutny

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51
Q

Verb

Collude

Conspire, plot, connive

English 5.0

A

To come to a secret understanding for a harmful purpose; conspire.

The companies were found to collude to fix prices.

koludować, spiskować, zmawiać się, współdziałać

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52
Q

Adjective

Dejected

Downcast, dispirited, discouraged

English 5.0

A

Sad and depressed; dispirited.

He looked dejected after the defeat.

przybity, przygnębiony, zniechęcony, smutny

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53
Q

Noun

Inpatient unit

Hospital ward, treatment center, care facility

English 5.0

A

A hospital department where patients are admitted for overnight stay and treatment.

He was admitted to the inpatient unit for observation.

oddział szpitalny, oddział stacjonarny, jednostka hospitalizacyjna, oddział dla pacjentów

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54
Q

Noun

Plain

Flatland, prairie, grassland

English 5.0

A

An extensive area of flat or gently rolling land.

The plains stretched out as far as the eye could see.

równina, nizina, płaskowyż, step

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55
Q

Adjective

Self-effacing

Modest, unassuming, humble

English 5.0

A

Not claiming attention for oneself; modest.

Her self-effacing manner endeared her to everyone.

skromny, niepozorny, niepretensjonalny, nierzucający się w oczy

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56
Q

Verb

Efface

Erase, obliterate, wipe out

English 5.0

A

To erase or remove something as if by rubbing.

Time effaced the memories from his mind.

zatrzeć, wymazać, usunąć, zlikwidować

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57
Q

Adjective

Tardy

Late, delayed, overdue

English 5.0

A

Delayed beyond the expected or proper time; late.

She apologized for being tardy.

spóźniony, opóźniony, nieterminowy, zwlekający

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58
Q

Adjective

Contrite

Remorseful, repentant, regretful

English 5.0

A

Feeling or expressing remorse or penitence; affected by guilt.

His contrite apology seemed sincere.

skruszony, żałujący, pokutujący, pełen skruchy

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59
Q

Adjective

Compliant

Obedient, submissive, accommodating

English 5.0

A

Inclined to agree with others or obey rules, especially to an excessive degree.

The company was compliant with the regulations.

posłuszny, uległy, zgodny, podporządkowany

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60
Q

Verb

Relinquish

Give up, surrender, abandon

English 5.0

A

To voluntarily cease to keep or claim; give up.

He had to relinquish control of the project.

zrzec się, odstąpić, zrezygnować, oddać

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61
Q

Verb

Kindle

Ignite, spark, arouse

English 5.0

A

To set alight or start to burn; to arouse or inspire (an emotion or feeling).

His words kindled a sense of adventure in them.

zapalić, rozbudzić, wzniecić, rozpalić

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62
Q

Noun

Tardiness

Latency, delay, slowness

English 5.0

A

The quality or fact of being late; lateness.

His tardiness was frowned upon at work.

spóźnienie, opóźnienie, zwłoka, ociąganie się

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63
Q

Adverb

Woefully

Regrettably, sadly, lamentably

English 5.0

A

In a manner expressing sorrow or misery.

He was woefully unprepared for the exam.

żałośnie, okropnie, smutno, boleśnie

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64
Q

Noun

Woe

Sorrow, misery, distress

English 5.0

A

Great sorrow or distress.

Tales of woe filled the room.

nieszczęście, żałość, smutek, zmartwienie

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65
Q

Noun

Incentive

Motivation, inducement, encouragement

English 5.0

A

A thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something.

The bonus was an incentive to work harder.

zachęta, motywacja, bodziec, impuls

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66
Q

Verb

Tear up

Rip, shred, destroy

English 5.0

A

To rip or shred something into pieces.

She tore up the letter in frustration.

podrzeć, rozszarpać, zniszczyć, roztrzaskać

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67
Q

Phrase

Cut to the chase

Get to the point, skip details, be direct

English 5.0

A

To come to the point; to skip unnecessary preliminaries.

Let’s cut to the chase - what’s your final offer?

przejść do sedna, ominąć zbędne szczegóły, mówić prosto z mostu, skupić się na istocie

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68
Q

Phrase

Be apt to

Tend to, likely to, prone to

English 5.0

A

To have a tendency to do something.

He’s apt to forget his keys.

mieć tendencję, być skłonnym, zazwyczaj, być skorym

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69
Q

Adjective

Pivotal

Crucial, central, key

English 5.0

A

Of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else.

His discovery played a pivotal role in the research.

kluczowy, centralny, zasadniczy, decydujący

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70
Q

Noun

Disdain

Contempt, scorn, disrespect

English 5.0

A

The feeling that someone or something is unworthy of one’s consideration or respect.

She looked at him with disdain.

pogarda, lekceważenie, niechęć, wzgarda

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71
Q

Noun

Harrumph

Grumble, mutter, mumble

English 5.0

A

A sound made to express doubt or displeasure.

He gave a harrumph when he heard the news.

hę, hmpf, ochrypłe mruknięcie, niezadowolone chrząknięcie

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72
Q

Noun

Umbilical cord

Birth cord, navel string, lifeline

English 5.0

A

The flexible cord that connects a fetus to the placenta, conveying oxygen and nutrients.

The doctor cut the baby’s umbilical cord.

pępowina, sznur pępowinowy, łącznik, przewód

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73
Q

Adjective (informal)

Cross

Angry, irritated, annoyed

English 4.0

A

Feeling or showing annoyance or anger.

She was cross about the cancelled plans.

zły, rozgniewany, rozdrażniony, poirytowany

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74
Q

Noun

Mortgage

Loan, home loan, deed of trust

English 5.0

A

A legal agreement by which a bank lends money at interest in exchange for taking title of the debtor’s property, with the condition that the conveyance of title becomes void upon the payment of the debt.

They took out a mortgage to buy a house.

hipoteka, kredyt hipoteczny, zastaw, pożyczka pod zastaw

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75
Q

Verb

Concretize

Materialize, solidify, realize

English 5.0

A

To make something concrete or specific.

Her plans began to concretize.

skonkretyzować, ucieleśnić, zmaterializować, urzeczywistnić

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76
Q

Verb (informal)

Waddled up

Shuffled, toddled, lumbered

English 5.0

A

To walk with short steps and a swaying motion.

The duck waddled up to the pond.

chwalić się, dreptać, wlec się, kuśtykać

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77
Q

Phrase

Take care that/to

Ensure, make certain, be cautious

English 5.0

A

To make sure or take steps to ensure that something happens or is the case.

Take care to lock the door when you leave.

dbać, upewnić się, zatroszczyć się, być ostrożnym

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78
Q

Adjective

Cumbersome

Burdensome, unwieldy, awkward

English 5.0

A

Large or heavy and therefore difficult to carry or use; unwieldy.

The package was cumbersome and hard to carry.

nieporęczny, uciążliwy, ciężki, zawadliwy

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79
Q

Noun

Dunes

Sand hills, mounds, ridges

English 5.0

A

Hills of sand formed by the wind near the ocean or in a desert.

The dunes shifted with the wind.

wydmy, piaski, pagórki, wzgórza

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80
Q

Adjective

Lucid

Clear, coherent, understandable

English 5.0

A

Expressed clearly; easy to understand.

His explanation was lucid and to the point.

jasny, klarowny, zrozumiały, przystępny

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81
Q

Noun

Clutch

Grip, grasp, hold

English 5.0

A

A tight grip or hold.

She had a firm clutch on her purse.

chwyt, uścisk, zacisk, uchwyt

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82
Q

Verb

Wriggle

Squirm, twist, wriggle

English 5.0

A

To twist and turn with quick writhing movements.

The baby wriggled in her arms.

wić się, wiercić, skręcać się, wywijać

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83
Q

Verb

Trundle

Roll, wheel, lumber

English 5.0

A

To move or cause to move slowly and heavily, typically in a noisy or uneven way.

The cart trundled down the street.

toczyć się, wlec się, turlać, stukotać

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84
Q

Adverb

Inexorably

Unstoppably, relentlessly, inevitably

English 5.0

A

In a way that is impossible to stop or prevent.

The days moved inexorably forward.

nieuchronnie, nieubłaganie, nieodwołalnie, niezmiennie

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85
Q

Verb

Wading

Paddling, walking in water, fording

English 5.0

A

To walk through water or another liquid or soft substance.

Children were wading in the shallow water.

brodzenie, wchodzenie do wody, przechodzenie przez wodę, brnięcie

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86
Q

Verb

Peck

Nip, pick, bite

English 5.0

A

To strike or bite something with a beak or similar pointed object.

The bird pecked at the window.

dziobać, skubać, kłuć, bicie

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87
Q

Adverb

Onwards

Forward, ahead, forth

English 5.0

A

In a continuous or forward direction.

They marched onwards towards the city.

dalej, naprzód, do przodu, w przód

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88
Q

Verb

Misform

Deform, misshape, distort

English 5.0

A

To form or shape wrongly or badly.

The statue was misformed during the casting process.

zniekształcić, zepsuć, źle uformować, pokrzywić

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89
Q

Verb

Condemn

Denounce, censure, criticize

English 5.0

A

To express complete disapproval of; censure.

The court condemned his actions.

potępić, skazać, krytykować, zganąć

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90
Q

Noun

Cessation

End, halt, stop

English 5.0

A

The fact or process of ending or being brought to an end.

The cessation of hostilities was a relief.

przerwanie, zaprzestanie, ustanie, zawieszenie

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91
Q

Noun

Beak

Bill, snout, rostrum

English 5.0

A

The hard, pointed mouthpart of birds, some insects, and certain other animals.

The eagle’s beak was sharp and strong.

dziób, ptasi dziób, szczyt, nos

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92
Q

Noun (specialized)

Defusion

De-escalation, dispersion, dissipation

English 5.0

A

The process of reducing tension or dispersing something.

The defusion of the situation was her top priority.

rozproszenie, złagodzenie, rozładowanie, rozdzielenie

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93
Q

Verb

Creak

Squeak, groan, screech

English 5.0

A

To make a sharp, harsh, grating, or squeaking sound.

The old door creaked as it opened.

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94
Q

Phrase

Cross between

Mixture, hybrid, combination

English 5.0

A

A mix or hybrid of two different things, qualities, or types.

She’s a cross between a scientist and an artist.

mieszanka, hybryda, połączenie, krzyżówka

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95
Q

Noun

Dissertation

Thesis, treatise, essay

English 5.0

A

A long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one written for a university degree or diploma.

His dissertation was on medieval literature.

praca, rozprawa, dysertacja, esej

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96
Q

Phrase

Mixture of

Combination, blend, assortment

English 5.0

A

A combination of different things in which the components retain their individual characteristics.

The recipe called for a mixture of spices.

mieszanka, połączenie, kompozycja, mix

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97
Q

Phrase

Exerts influence

Wields power, impacts, affects

English 5.0

A

To use power or ability to affect or sway someone or something.

The media exerts influence on public opinion.

wywierać wpływ, oddziaływać, wpłynąć, działać

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98
Q

Phrase

Exercise authority/influence

Wield power, assert control, exert influence

English 5.0

A

To use or apply power, control, or influence.

She knows how to exercise authority effectively.

stosować władzę, używać wpływu, egzekwować autorytet, wpływać

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99
Q

Adjective (informal)

Soused

Drunk, intoxicated, inebriated

English 5.0

A

Drunk or intoxicated.

After the party, he was completely soused.

pijany, nawalony, podchmielony, zalany

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100
Q

Noun

Alimony

Spousal support, maintenance, financial support

English 5.0

A

A financial support paid to a spouse after separation or divorce.

He was required to pay alimony each month.

alimenty, utrzymanie, wsparcie finansowe, zasiłek

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101
Q

Adjective

Blossoming

Flowering, blooming, developing

English 5.0

A

Beginning to develop or flourish.

Her talent in music is really blossoming.

kwitnący, rozkwitający, rozwijający się, pączkujący

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102
Q

Verb

Brew

Infuse, steep, concoct

English 5.0

A

To make a beverage by steeping, boiling, and fermenting certain ingredients.

She brewed a fresh pot of coffee.

warzyć, zaparzać, przyrządzać, fermentować

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103
Q

Adjective

Reciprocal

Mutual, corresponding, complementary

English 5.0

A

Given, felt, or done in return; bearing on or binding each of two parties equally.

They had a reciprocal agreement to help each other.

wzajemny, obustronny, rewanżowy, odpowiedni

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104
Q

Adjective

Outright

Complete, total, absolute

English 5.0

A

Complete and total.

He won the race outright.

bezpośredni, całkowity, absolutny, jednoznaczny

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105
Q

Adjective

Attitudinal

Behavioral, psychological, mindset-related

English 5.0

A

Relating to, based on, or expressing a person’s attitude or personal stance.

Attitudinal changes are necessary for progress.

związany z postawą, behawioralny, dotyczący nastawienia, psychologiczny

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106
Q

Noun

Boa constrictor

Large snake, constrictor, serpent

English 5.0

A

A large, heavy-bodied snake that kills its prey by constriction.

The boa constrictor wrapped itself around its prey.

boa dusiciel, wąż dusiciel, boa, dusiciel

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107
Q

``Verb

Relapse

Regress, backslide, deteriorate

English 5.0

A

To fall back into a previous condition or mode of behavior.

She relapsed into her old habits.

wznowienie, nawrót, powrót do stanu, regres

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108
Q

Verb

Reinstate

Restore, return, reestablish

English 5.0

A

To restore someone or something to their former position or condition.

The coach was reinstated after the investigation.

przywrócić, powrócić, odnowić, reinstalować

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109
Q

Noun

Sabbatical

Leave of absence, break, hiatus

English 5.0

A

A period of paid leave granted to a university teacher or other worker for study or travel, traditionally every seventh year.

She’s on a sabbatical to research her book.

urlop naukowy, sabatyczny, przerwa, wakacje

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110
Q

Noun

Malady

Disease, ailment, illness

English 5.0

A

-Disease
-A problem within a system or organization

A disease or ailment.

An unknown malady afflicted the village.

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111
Q

Adjective

Doctrinaire

Dogmatic, inflexible, rigid

English 5.0

A

Seeking to impose a doctrine in all circumstances without regard to practical considerations.

His doctrinaire approach to management caused issues.

doktrynalny, sztywny, dogmatyczny, nieelastyczny

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112
Q

Adjective (specialized)

Operant

Effective, functioning, working

English 5.0

A

Relating to or denoting an operant condition or behavior.

Operant conditioning is a key concept in psychology.

działający, operacyjny, skuteczny, funkcjonujący

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113
Q

Noun

Mediation

Intervention, arbitration, negotiation

English 5.0

A

Intervention in a dispute in order to resolve it.

The conflict was resolved through mediation.

mediacja, pośrednictwo, negocjacja, interwencja

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114
Q

Phrase

Promise land

Utopia, ideal place, land of opportunity

English 5.0

A

A place or situation where one expects to find great happiness or success.

They saw America as the promised land.

ziemia obiecana, raj, miejsce szczęścia, wymarzony kraj

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115
Q

Verb

Marshal

Organize, arrange, assemble

English 5.0

A

To arrange or assemble (a group of people, especially troops) in order.

The general marshaled his forces for the attack.

zorganizować, ustawić, zgromadzić, rozmieścić

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116
Q

Adjective

Divergent

Different, varying, deviating

English 5.0

A

Tending to be different or develop in different directions.

Their opinions were divergent on many topics.

różny, odmienny, rozbieżny, zbieżny

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117
Q

Verb

Alter

Change, modify, adjust

English 5.0

A

To change or cause to change in character or composition.

Plans had to be altered at the last minute.

zmieniać, modyfikować, przekształcać, dostosować

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118
Q

Verb

Enlist

Join, sign up, recruit

English 5.0

A

To enroll or be enrolled in the armed services.

He enlisted in the navy.

zaciągnąć się, zwerbować, zarekrutować, wstąpić

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119
Q

Verb

Enroll

Register, sign up, matriculate

English 5.0

A

To officially arrange to join a course, school, or group.

She enrolled in the university.

zapisać się, zarejestrować, wstąpić, dołączyć

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120
Q

Phrase

Expand scope

Broaden range, extend coverage, widen reach

English 5.0

A

To increase the range of activities or areas that something affects or covers.

The company is looking to expand its scope into new markets.

poszerzyć zakres, rozszerzyć działalność, zwiększyć zasięg, rozwinąć obszar

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121
Q

Noun

Locus

Location, place, site

English 5.0

A

A particular position, point, or place.

The locus of the meeting was the boardroom.

miejsce, punkt, lokalizacja, centrum

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122
Q

Verb

Shift

Move, change, transfer

English 5.0

A

To move or cause to move from one place to another, especially over a small distance.

She shifted her gaze to the window.

zmienić, przesunąć, przestawić, przekierować

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123
Q

Verb

Grease

Lubricate, oil, smear

English 5.0

A

To apply grease or oil to something, especially to make it work smoothly.

He greased the wheels of the bicycle.

smarować, natłuścić, oliwić, posmarować

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124
Q

Verb

Mitigate

Lessen, alleviate, reduce

English 5.0

A

To make less severe, serious, or painful.

Measures were taken to mitigate the effects of the disaster.

łagodzić, zmniejszać, osłabić, zredukować

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125
Q

Verb

Bolster

Support, strengthen, reinforce

English 5.0

A

To support or strengthen something.

She bolstered his confidence with her encouragement.

wzmocnić, podpierać, poprzeć, umocnić

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126
Q

Adverb

Jubilantly

Joyfully, exultantly, triumphantly

English 5.0

A

In a manner that expresses great happiness or triumph.

The team celebrated jubilantly after their victory.

radosny, triumfalny, z entuzjazmem, uroczyście

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127
Q

Noun

Spillover

Overflow, repercussion, extension

English 5.0

A

An instance of overflowing or spreading into another area.

The spillover effect of the crisis affected neighboring countries.

rozlew, przelew, skutek uboczny, rozprzestrzenianie się

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128
Q

Adjective

Musty

Moldy, stale, damp-smelling

English 5.0

A

Having a stale, moldy, or damp smell.

The old house had a musty odor.

stęchły, zapleśniały, przestarzały, zatęchły

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129
Q

Adjective

Bleary-eyed

Sleepy, tired, groggy

English 5.0

A

Having eyes that look very tired and watery.

He was bleary-eyed after studying all night.

z zaczerwienionymi oczami, śpiący, zaspany, zmęczony

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130
Q

Adjective

Bleary

Blurry, unclear, indistinct

English 5.0

A

(Of vision) blurred; not clear.

His vision was bleary from lack of sleep.

zamglony, rozmazany, niewyraźny, zaczerwieniony

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131
Q

Adjective

Ripe

Mature, ready, full-grown

English 5.0

A

(Fruit or grain) developed to the point of readiness for harvesting and eating.

The apples were ripe and juicy.

dojrzały, gotowy, pełny, soczysty

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132
Q

Noun

Impetus

Motivation, stimulus, incentive

English 5.0

A

The force or energy with which something moves.

The grant gave a new impetus to the project.

impuls, bodziec, zachęta, motywacja

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133
Q

Noun

Avalanche

Landslide, snowslide, cascade

English 5.0

A

A mass of snow, ice, and rocks falling rapidly down a mountainside.

The avalanche buried the mountain village.

lawina, zsuwanie się, osuwisko, potok

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134
Q

verb technical formal

Ramify

Branched, spread out, complex

English 5.0

A

Spread or branched out into many sections.

The organization’s influence has ramified over the years.

rozgałęziony, rozprzestrzeniony, skomplikowany, rozszerzony

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135
Q

Noun (specialized)

Diffusion model

Spread theory, dissemination pattern, expansion blueprint

English 5.0

A

A theoretical model that explains how something is spread or communicated over time among the members of a social system.

The diffusion model helped explain the adoption of new technologies.

model dyfuzji, wzór rozprzestrzeniania, schemat rozprzestrzeniania, model rozszerzania

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136
Q

Adjective

Vested

Established, conferred, endowed

English 5.0

A

Secured in the possession of or assigned to a person.

She had a vested interest in the company’s success.

nabyty, ustalony, zagwarantowany, przypisany

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137
Q

Phrase

Small/little wonder that

Not surprising, understandable, expected

English 5.0

A

It is not surprising or unusual.

It’s little wonder that he’s tired after the long journey.

nic dziwnego, że, zrozumiałe, że, spodziewane, że, oczywiste, że

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138
Q

Verb

Prompt

Encourage, stimulate, provoke

English 5.0

A

To cause or bring about an action or feeling.

His remarks prompted a heated discussion.

pobudzać, wywoływać, skłonić, zachęcać

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139
Q

Adjective

Utmost

Greatest, maximum, supreme

English 5.0

A

Most extreme; greatest.

She tried her utmost to complete the task on time.

największy, maksymalny, najwyższy, skrajny

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140
Q

Phrase

Reflects bad on something

Shows negatively, casts in poor light, indicates poorly

English 5.0

A

To make something appear in a negative or unfavorable way.

His behavior reflects bad on the entire team.

źle świadczy o, rzucać złe światło, wskazywać negatywnie, odzwierciedlać źle

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141
Q

Phrase

(Someone) modelled himself on (someone)

Imitated, followed, emulated

English 5.0

A

To imitate or try to emulate someone, typically a role model.

He modelled himself on his favorite basketball player.

naśladować, wzorować się na, emulować, kopiować

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142
Q

Verb

Tire of

Become bored with, grow weary of, lose interest in

English 5.0

A

To lose interest or become bored with something or someone.

She quickly tired of the repetitive work.

zmęczyć się, znudzić się, stracić zainteresowanie, mieć dość

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143
Q

Phrase

Loath to do something

Unwilling, reluctant, hesitant

English 5.0

A

Unwilling or reluctant to do something.

She was loath to admit her mistakes.

niechętny, oporny, ociągający się, niechcący

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144
Q

Adjective

Wary of

Cautious, suspicious, careful

English 5.0

A

Feeling or showing caution about possible dangers or problems.

He was wary of strangers.

ostrożny, przezorny, nieufny, czujny

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145
Q

Noun

Reversal

Change, turnaround, flip

English 5.0

A

A change to an opposite direction, position, or course of action.

The court ordered a reversal of the previous decision.

odwrócenie, zmiana, cofnięcie, rewizja

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146
Q

Noun

Rehearsal

Practice, run-through, preparation

English 5.0

A

A practice or trial performance of a play or other work for later public performance.

The actors were busy with rehearsal.

próba, ćwiczenie, przygotowanie, repetycja

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147
Q

Verb

Reckon

Calculate, estimate, consider

English 5.0

A

To calculate or conclude after consideration.

I reckon we’ll arrive by 6 PM.

liczyć, sądzić, przewidywać, szacować

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148
Q

Adjective

Sketchy

Incomplete, rough, superficial

English 5.0

A

Not thorough or detailed.

The details he gave were rather sketchy.

pobieżny, szkicowy, niepełny, ogólnikowy

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149
Q

Noun

Mores

Customs, traditions, norms

English 5.0

A

The essential or characteristic customs and conventions of a community.

The mores of the society were strict and traditional.

obyczaje, normy, zwyczaje, tradycje

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150
Q

Verb

Contend

Compete, argue, assert

English 5.0

A

To struggle to surmount a difficulty or danger.

She had to contend with numerous obstacles.

rywalizować, twierdzić, zmagać się, utrzymywać

151
Q

Verb

Allege

Claim, assert, accuse

English 5.0

A

To claim or assert that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically without proof.

He alleged that the company had defrauded him.

twierdzić, zarzucać, oskarżać, utrzymywać

152
Q

Noun

Mishaps

Accidents, misfortunes, incidents

English 5.0

A

Unfortunate accidents or bad luck.

Several mishaps occurred during the trip.

nieszczęścia, wypadki, niepowodzenia, wpadki

153
Q

Noun

Premise

Assumption, basis, proposition

English 5.0

A

A statement or idea that forms the basis for a reasonable line of argument.

The research was based on the premise that language shapes thought.

założenie, przesłanka, podstawa, hipoteza

154
Q

Adverb

Innocuously

Harmlessly, safely, benignly

English 5.0

A

In a manner not likely to irritate or offend; harmlessly.

He made an innocuous joke to lighten the mood.

nieszkodliwie, niewinnie, łagodnie, bezpiecznie

155
Q

Noun

Vicinity

Proximity, neighborhood, area

English 5.0

A

The area near or surrounding a particular place.

Several hotels are located in the vicinity of the airport.

okolica, sąsiedztwo, pobliże, bliskość

156
Q

Noun

Lineage

Ancestry, heritage, descent

English 5.0

A

Direct descent from an ancestor; ancestry or pedigree.

She traced her lineage back to royalty.

rodowód, pochodzenie, linia rodowa, przodek

157
Q

Adjective

Awry

Amiss, wrong, askew

English 5.0

A

Away from the appropriate, planned, or expected course; amiss.

His plans went awry.

na opak, nie tak, krzywo, niepożądany

158
Q

Verb

Harbor

Shelter, hold, conceal

English 5.0

A

To keep (a thought or feeling, typically a negative one) in one’s mind, especially secretly.

She harbored resentment for years.

ukrywać, żywić, schronić, przechowywać

159
Q

Verb

Quench

Extinguish, satisfy, douse

English 5.0

A

To satisfy (thirst) by drinking; to extinguish (fire, flames, or thirst).

Water helped to quench his thirst.

ugaszać, zaspokoić, stłumić, zadusić

160
Q

Adjective

Firm

Steadfast, resolute, strong

English 5.0

A

Having a solid, almost unyielding surface or structure.

He was a firm believer in traditional values.

twardy, pewny, stanowczy, nieugięty

161
Q

Adjective

Arduous

Difficult, hard, strenuous

English 5.0

A

Involving or requiring strenuous effort; difficult and tiring.

The journey was arduous and exhausting.

trudny, mozolny, wyczerpujący, ciężki

162
Q

Verb

Nag

Pester, badger, harass

English 5.0

A

To annoy or irritate (a person) with persistent fault-finding or continuous urging.

She nagged him to clean his room.

dręczyć, zrzędzić, narzekać, dokuczać

163
Q

Noun

Tenet

Principle, belief, doctrine

English 5.0

A

A principle or belief, especially one of the main principles of a religion or philosophy.

Non-violence is a central tenet of their faith.

zasada, doktryna, dogmat, przekonanie

164
Q

Noun

Anguish

Pain, agony, distress

English 5.0

A

Severe mental or physical pain or suffering.

She felt anguish at the news of the tragedy.

cierpienie, ból, udręka, rozpacz

165
Q

Noun

Discrepancy

Inconsistency, difference, divergence

English 5.0

A

A lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts.

There’s a discrepancy between your account and his.

rozbieżność, niezgodność, różnica, sprzeczność

166
Q

Noun

Appraisal

Assessment, evaluation, estimation

English 5.0

A

The act of assessing someone or something.

Her performance received a positive appraisal.

ocena, wycena, oszacowanie, analiza

167
Q

Verb

Quaver

Tremble, shake, quiver

English 5.0

A

To shake or tremble in speaking, typically through nervousness or emotion.

Her voice quavered with fear.

drżeć, trząść się, dygotać, falować

168
Q

Noun

Temples

Sides of the head, forehead sides, head flanks

English 5.0

A

Each of the two sides of the head between the forehead and the ear.

He rubbed his temples to ease the headache.

skronie, boki głowy, czoło, przestrzeń

169
Q

(of ideas, facts,Adjective

Incipient

Beginning, developing, emerging

English 5.0

A

In an initial stage; beginning to happen or develop.

He could feel incipient anger building up.

początkujący, rozwijający się, kiełkujący, zaczynający

170
Q

Adjective

Irreconcilable

Incompatible, conflicting, at odds

English 5.0

A

(of ideas, facts, or statements) representing findings or points of view that are so different from each other that they cannot be made compatible.

Their differences were irreconcilable.

nie do pogodzenia, sprzeczny, niezgodny, konfliktowy

171
Q

Verb

Thump

Bang, hit, pound

English 5.0

A

To hit or strike heavily, especially with the fist or a blunt implement.

He thumped the desk in frustration.

uderzać, walić, pukać, łomotać

171
Q

Adjective

Clunky

Awkward, heavy, cumbersome

English 5.0

A

Awkwardly solid, heavy, and outdated.

He wore some clunky old boots.

nieporęczny, ciężki, toporny, niezdarny

172
Q

Verb

Whisk

Sweep, brush, stir rapidly

English 5.0

A

To take or move (someone or something) somewhere suddenly and quickly.

She whisked the children off to bed.

zamieszać, zmiatać, szybko poruszać, przemieszczać

172
Q

Adjective

Impeccable

Flawless, perfect, faultless

English 5.0

A

In accordance with the highest standards; faultless.

Her taste in music is impeccable.

nienaganny, bez zarzutu, doskonały, idealny

173
Q

Verb

Smother

Suffocate, stifle, suppress

English 5.0

A

To kill (someone) by covering their nose and mouth so that they suffocate.

He tried to smother the flames with a blanket.

dusić, tłumić, zasłaniać, przytłaczać

174
Q

Noun

Ashtray

Receptacle, container, tray for ashes

English 5.0

A

A receptacle for ash from cigarettes or cigars.

He flicked his ash into the ashtray.

popielniczka, naczynie na popiół, pojemnik, tacka

175
Q

Noun

Treaty

Agreement, pact, accord

English 5.0

A

A formally concluded and ratified agreement between states.

The two countries signed a peace treaty.

traktat, umowa, porozumienie, pakt

176
Q

Verb

Scrounge

Beg, forage, search

English 5.0

A

To seek to obtain (something, typically food or money) at the expense or through the generosity of others or by stealth.

He scrounged a meal from his friend.

żebrać, szukać, wygrzebywać, zdobywać

177
Q

Adjective

Deliberate

Intentional, calculated, planned

English 5.0

A

Done consciously and intentionally.

It was a deliberate act of kindness.

umyślny, celowy, przemyślany, rozważny

178
Q

Noun

Manure

Fertilizer, compost, dung

English 5.0

A

Animal dung used for fertilizing land.

He spread manure over the fields.

nawóz, obornik, gnojówka, kompost

179
Q

Noun

Foray

Raid, incursion, venture

English 5.0

A

A sudden attack or incursion into enemy territory, especially to obtain something; a raid.

The company made a foray into the smartphone market.

wypad, najazd, wyprawa, incydent

180
Q

Adjective (specialized)

Counterphobic

Defiant of fear, confronting fear, against fear

English 5.0

A

Characterized by behavior that confronts fear instead of avoiding it.

His counterphobic actions were surprisingly bold.

kontrfobiczny, przeciwdziałający fobii, stawiający czoła lękom, przeciwstrachowy

181
Q

Adjective

Gallant

Brave, courageous, valiant

English 5.0

A

(Of a person or their behavior) brave; heroic.

He made a gallant effort to save her life.

dzielny, odważny, waleczny, szarmancki

182
Q

Verb (past participle)

Pigeon-holed

Categorized, classified, compartmentalized

English 5.0

A

To classify or categorize someone or something into a restrictive category or stereotype.

She felt pigeon-holed by her job title.

zszufladkować, skategoryzować, podzielić, ująć w ramy

183
Q

Noun

Wreath

Garland, circlet, lei

English 5.0

A

An arrangement of flowers, leaves, or stems fastened in a ring and used for decoration or for laying on a grave.

A wreath was laid at the memorial.

wieniec, girlanda, wianek, przewiązka

184
Q

Adjective

Irreconcilable

Incompatible, conflicting, at odds

English 5.0

A

(of ideas, facts, or statements) representing findings or points of view that are so different from each other that they cannot be made compatible.

z braku lepszego określenia, z braku lepszego słowa,*Their differences w

nie do pogodzenia, sprzeczny, niezgodny, konfliktowy

185
Q

Phrase

For want of a term

Lacking a better word, for lack of a better expression

English 5.0

A

Used to indicate that one is using an unusual or makeshift term or expression because there is not a better one available.

He called it a “thingamajig,” for want of a better term.

z braku lepszego określenia, z braku lepszego słowa, dla braku lepszej nazwy, z braku lepszego terminu

186
Q

In a state of confusion or disorder, often due to mistakes or mishaps.

The plans got fouled up due to miscommunication.

zepsuty, zanieczyszczony, zrujnowany, pokręcony

A

Adjective (informal)

Fouled up

Botched, messed up, bungled

English 5.0

187
Q

Currently holding a specified position.

The incumbent mayor faced tough competition.

obecny, urzędujący, zajmujący stanowisko, sprawujący urząd

A

Adjective

Incumbent

Current, present, sitting

English 5.0

188
Q

To run at a moderate pace with short steps.

She decided to trot to catch the bus.

kłusować, biec truchtem, truchtać, pędzić

A

Verb

Trot

Jog, canter, lope

English 5.0

189
Q

A metaphorical path leading to a hoped-for destination or condition.

He followed his own yellow brick road to success.

żółta, brukowana droga, droga do sukcesu, ścieżka marzeń, trasa do celu

A

Noun

Yellow brick road

Pathway, route, journey

English 5.0

190
Q

Inexperienced or underdeveloped, particularly in a profession or activity.

The fledgling actor landed his first role.

początkujący, świeżo upieczony, niedoświadczony, nowicjusz

A

Adjective

Fledgling

Beginner, novice, neophyte

English 5.0

191
Q

Nonsense or foolishness.

His excuse for being late was pure bunk.

bzdura, nonsens, głupota, brednie

A

Noun (informal)

Bunk

Nonsense, hogwash, balderdash

English 5.0

192
Q

A position giving a strategic advantage, commanding perspective, or comprehensive view.

From this vantage, the entire valley was visible.

punkt widzenia, przewaga, korzystna pozycja, dogodne miejsce

A

Noun

Vantage

Advantage, viewpoint, perspective

English 5.0

193
Q

To happen or take place.

How did this misunderstanding come about?

zdarzyć się, nastąpić, wydarzyć się, pojawić się

A

Phrasal Verb

Come about

Happen, occur, take place

English 5.0

194
Q

To fall suddenly, clumsily, or headlong.

He tumbled off the bed in his sleep.

upadać, przewracać się, spadać, potykać się

A

Verb

Tumble

Fall, topple, plummet

English 5.0

195
Q

To put something into a small space, especially to make it tidy.

She tucked the note into her pocket.

wsuwać, chować, wtykać, zaginąć

A

Verb

Tuck

Fold, insert, snug

English 5.0

196
Q

To bring to a conclusion or end.

The meeting finally wound up at midnight.

zakończyć, skończyć, dokończyć, zwinąć

A

Verb

Wind up

Conclude, finish, end up

English 5.0

197
Q

Having existed or continued for a long time.

Their long-standing friendship was admired by all.

długotrwały, utrzymujący się długo, długoletni, trwały

A

Adjective

Long-standing

Long-lasting, enduring, established

English 5.0

198
Q

Affection or liking for someone or something.

Her fondness for chocolate was well-known.

przywiązanie, miłość, zamiłowanie, sympatia

A

Noun

Fondness

Affection, liking, love

English 5.0

199
Q

A natural inclination or tendency to behave in a particular way.

He has a proclivity for dramatic entrances.

skłonność, tendencja, predyspozycja, zamiłowanie

A

Noun

Proclivity

Inclination, tendency, predisposition

English 5.0

200
Q

Feeling sorry for oneself; self-indulgent dwelling on one’s own sorrows or misfortunes.

She wallowed in self-pity after the rejection.

samożal, litość nad sobą, rozczulanie się nad sobą, autolitość

A

Noun

Self-pity

Self-indulgence, self-sorrow, self-commiseration

English 5.0

201
Q

A soft white limestone used for writing on blackboards and in various industrial applications.

The teacher wrote the lesson on the blackboard with chalk.

kreda, wapień, skała osadowa, minerał

A

Noun

Chalk

Talc, gypsum, carbonate

English 5.0

202
Q

Being the best or most outstanding of its kind.

She is a pianist par excellence.

doskonały, wybitny, znakomity, niezrównany

A

Adjective

Par excellence

Outstanding, exemplary, superlative

English 5.0

203
Q

A complex of ideas, thoughts, and mental patterns related to cognitive processes.

*His research focused on the cognitive constellation in decision-making.

konstelacja poznawcza, układ poznawczy, wzór myślenia, struktura umysłowa

A

Noun (specialized)

Cognitive constellation

Mental framework, thought pattern, intellectual arrangement

English 5.0

204
Q

Firmly established and difficult to change.

His beliefs are deeply entrenched.

zakorzeniony, utrwalony, głęboko zakorzeniony, niezmienny

A

Adjective

Entrenched

Rooted, ingrained, established

English 5.0

205
Q

Feeling anger or annoyance.
* Feel bad due to injury
|* He was sore about losing the game.

obrażony, zły, rozgniewany, urażony

A

Adjective (informal)

Sore

Upset, irritable, resentful

English 5.0

206
Q

To waste or ruin an opportunity or chance.

He blew his chances at the interview.

zmarnować, zaprzepaścić, zrujnować, przekreślić

A

Phrasal Verb

Blow something

Waste, squander, ruin

English 5.0

207
Q

To withdraw or retreat from a position or stance.

She refused to back down in the argument.

ustąpić, wycofać się, dać za wygraną, poddać się

A

Phrasal Verb

Back down

Retreat, yield, give in

English 5.0

208
Q

A confused or disorderly mixture of various things.

His essay was a hodge-podge of ideas.

mieszanina, miszmasz, bałagan, gąszcz

A

Noun (informal)

Hodge-podge

Mishmash, jumble, medley

English 5.0

209
Q

Causing dislike or aversion; unpleasant.

The joke he told was quite distasteful.

nieprzyjemny, odrażający, niesmaczny, nie do przyjęcia

A

Adjective

Distasteful

Unpleasant, disagreeable, offensive

English 5.0

210
Q

To become apparent or come into view.

A dolphin emerged from the water.

wynurzyć się, pojawić się, ukazać się, wyłonić się

A

Verb

Emerge

Appear, surface, come out

English 5.0

211
Q

To regard with deep affection or attachment.

She holds her family memories dear.

cenić, pielęgnować, hołdować, miłować

A

Phrase

To hold dear

Cherish, treasure, value

English 5.0

212
Q

Beginning to develop or showing signs of future potential.

A budding artist, her talent was unmistakable.

początkujący, rozwijający się, w zarodku, obiecujący

A

Adjective

Budding

Emerging, developing, nascent

English 5.0

213
Q

Showing respectful submission or yielding to the judgment, opinion, or will of another.

His tone was deferential to his superior.

pełen szacunku, uległy, respektujący, pokorny

A

Adjective

Deferential

Respectful, reverential, considerate

English 5.0

214
Q

Having been walked on or stepped on frequently.

The well-trodden path led to the lake.

uczęszczany, wydeptany, zdeptany, wyślizgany

A

Adjective

Trodden

Walked on, trampled, stepped on

English 5.0

215
Q

To cause something to happen suddenly or unexpectedly.

Her resignation precipitated a crisis.

przyspieszać, wywoływać, spowodować, zainicjować

A

Verb

Precipitate

Hasten, trigger, cause

English 5.0

216
Q

Surpassing all others; very distinguished in some way.

She is a preeminent figure in contemporary art.

wybitny, wiodący, niezrównany, znakomity

A

Adjective

Preeminent

Leading, foremost, outstanding

English 5.0

217
Q

To suppose something is true without having evidence to confirm it.

He surmised that she was late.

przypuszczać, domyślać się, zgadywać, wnioskować

A

Verb

Surmise

Conjecture, guess, infer

English 5.0

218
Q

To make or become firm or solid.

The plans began to solidify.

utwardzać, zastygać, konsolidować, umacniać

A

Verb

Solidify

Harden, congeal, firm up

English 5.0

219
Q

Slight knowledge or suspicion; a hint.

He had inklings of the truth.

podejrzenia, przypuszczenia, domysły, ślady

A

Noun

Inklings

Hints, suggestions, clues

English 5.0

220
Q

A bruise around the eye resulting from an injury.

He got a black eye during the match.

podbite oko, siniak, stłuczenie, sińce

A

Noun (informal)

Black eye

Shiner, bruise, discoloration

English 5.0

221
Q

To cause to become widely known or spread.

The idea quickly circulated among the group.

rozpowszechniać, krążyć, obiegać, rozprzestrzeniać się

A

Verb

Circulate

Spread, disseminate, propagate

English 5.0

222
Q

Potatoes that have been boiled and crushed into a soft, creamy consistency.

She served mashed potatoes with the roast.

puree ziemniaczane, tłuczone ziemniaki, zmiażdżone ziemniaki, ugniecione ziemniaki

A

Noun

Mashed potatoes

Pureed, whipped, creamy potatoes

English 5.0

223
Q

Behaving or considered to be acting more important than is warranted.

His jumped-up attitude irritated his colleagues.

nadęty, pretensjonalny, zarozumiały, pełen zadęcia

A

Adjective (informal)

Jumped up

Pretentious, self-important, overbearing

English 5.0

224
Q

To attack or scold someone vigorously.

When he got home, his mom let him have it for being late.

dać komuś popalić, dać komuś w kość, zbesztać, zaatakować

A

Phrase

Let someone have it

Attack, scold, reprimand

English 5.0

225
Q

Prepared to obey others unquestioningly; less important.

He was subservient to his boss.

poddany, służalczy, uległy, drugorzędny

A

Adjective

Subservient

Subordinate, submissive, secondary

English 5.0

226
Q

A particular point in events or time.

At this critical juncture, every decision counts.

moment, punkt zwrotny, połączenie, przecięcie

A

Noun

Juncture

Conjunction, intersection, point

English 5.0

227
Q

To put someone or something into a situation where there is a risk of loss, harm, or failure.

His actions jeopardize the whole project.

zagrozić, narażać, ryzykować, zagrażać

A

Verb

Jeopardize

Endanger, risk, threaten

English 5.0

228
Q

A means by which something is released or expressed.

Painting was an emotional outlet for him.

ujście, kanał, sposób na wyrażenie, środek wyrazu

A

Noun

Outlet

Vent, channel, means of expression

English 5.0

229
Q

To make less severe, serious, or painful.

Measures were taken to mitigate the environmental impact.

łagodzić, zmniejszać, osłabiać, redukować

A

Verb

Mitigate

Alleviate, lessen, reduce

English 5.0

230
Q

Verb

  • prevent development
  • kill by covering face (pillow)
  • stop fire by engulfing it
  • feel bad because your partner is too needy

He tried to smother the flames with a blanket.

dusić, tłumić, zasłaniać, przytłaczać

A

Verb

Smother

Suffocate, stifle, suppress

English 5.0

231
Q

A seat without a back or arms, typically resting on three or four legs or on a single pedestal.

He sat on the stool at the bar.

taboret, stołek, siedzenie, podnóżek

A

Noun

Stool

Seat, bench, footrest

English 5.0

232
Q

Into a position of prominence or importance.

New leaders came to the fore in the community.

na czoło, na pierwszy plan, do przodu, na prowadzenie

A

Phrase

To the fore

In the front, prominent, ahead

English 5.0

233
Q

Having no luck; unfortunate.

The hapless travelers lost their map.

nieszczęśliwy, pechowy, niefortunny, nieszczęsny

A

Adjective

Hapless

Unfortunate, unlucky, ill-fated

English 5.0

234
Q

In low spirits from loss of hope or courage.

He became despondent after his application was rejected.

przygnębiony, zniechęcony, bez nadziei, smutny

A

Adjective

Despondent

Depressed, downhearted, disheartened

English 5.0

235
Q

To come to a secret understanding for a harmful purpose; conspire.

The companies were found to collude to fix prices.

koludować, spiskować, zmawiać się, współdziałać

A

Verb

Collude

Conspire, plot, connive

English 5.0

236
Q

Sad and depressed; dispirited.

He looked dejected after the defeat.

przybity, przygnębiony, zniechęcony, smutny

A

Adjective

Dejected

Downcast, dispirited, discouraged

English 5.0

237
Q

A hospital department where patients are admitted for overnight stay and treatment.

He was admitted to the inpatient unit for observation.

oddział szpitalny, oddział stacjonarny, jednostka hospitalizacyjna, oddział dla pacjentów

A

Noun

Inpatient unit

Hospital ward, treatment center, care facility

English 5.0

238
Q

An extensive area of flat or gently rolling land.

The plains stretched out as far as the eye could see.

równina, nizina, płaskowyż, step

A

Noun

Plain

Flatland, prairie, grassland

English 5.0

239
Q

Not claiming attention for oneself; modest.

Her self-effacing manner endeared her to everyone.

skromny, niepozorny, niepretensjonalny, nierzucający się w oczy

A

Adjective

Self-effacing

Modest, unassuming, humble

English 5.0

240
Q

To erase or remove something as if by rubbing.

Time effaced the memories from his mind.

zatrzeć, wymazać, usunąć, zlikwidować

A

Verb

Efface

Erase, obliterate, wipe out

English 5.0

241
Q

Delayed beyond the expected or proper time; late.

She apologized for being tardy.

spóźniony, opóźniony, nieterminowy, zwlekający

A

Adjective

Tardy

Late, delayed, overdue

English 5.0

242
Q

Feeling or expressing remorse or penitence; affected by guilt.

His contrite apology seemed sincere.

skruszony, żałujący, pokutujący, pełen skruchy

A

Adjective

Contrite

Remorseful, repentant, regretful

English 5.0

243
Q

Inclined to agree with others or obey rules, especially to an excessive degree.

The company was compliant with the regulations.

posłuszny, uległy, zgodny, podporządkowany

A

Adjective

Compliant

Obedient, submissive, accommodating

English 5.0

244
Q

To voluntarily cease to keep or claim; give up.

He had to relinquish control of the project.

zrzec się, odstąpić, zrezygnować, oddać

A

Verb

Relinquish

Give up, surrender, abandon

English 5.0

245
Q

To set alight or start to burn; to arouse or inspire (an emotion or feeling).

His words kindled a sense of adventure in them.

zapalić, rozbudzić, wzniecić, rozpalić

A

Verb

Kindle

Ignite, spark, arouse

English 5.0

246
Q

The quality or fact of being late; lateness.

His tardiness was frowned upon at work.

spóźnienie, opóźnienie, zwłoka, ociąganie się

A

Noun

Tardiness

Latency, delay, slowness

English 5.0

247
Q

In a manner expressing sorrow or misery.

He was woefully unprepared for the exam.

żałośnie, okropnie, smutno, boleśnie

A

Adverb

Woefully

Regrettably, sadly, lamentably

English 5.0

248
Q

Great sorrow or distress.

Tales of woe filled the room.

nieszczęście, żałość, smutek, zmartwienie

A

Noun

Woe

Sorrow, misery, distress

English 5.0

249
Q

A thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something.

The bonus was an incentive to work harder.

zachęta, motywacja, bodziec, impuls

A

Noun

Incentive

Motivation, inducement, encouragement

English 5.0

250
Q

To rip or shred something into pieces.

She tore up the letter in frustration.

podrzeć, rozszarpać, zniszczyć, roztrzaskać

A

Verb

Tear up

Rip, shred, destroy

English 5.0

251
Q

To come to the point; to skip unnecessary preliminaries.

Let’s cut to the chase - what’s your final offer?

przejść do sedna, ominąć zbędne szczegóły, mówić prosto z mostu, skupić się na istocie

A

Phrase

Cut to the chase

Get to the point, skip details, be direct

English 5.0

252
Q

To have a tendency to do something.

He’s apt to forget his keys.

mieć tendencję, być skłonnym, zazwyczaj, być skorym

A

Phrase

Be apt to

Tend to, likely to, prone to

English 5.0

253
Q

Of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else.

His discovery played a pivotal role in the research.

kluczowy, centralny, zasadniczy, decydujący

A

Adjective

Pivotal

Crucial, central, key

English 5.0

254
Q

The feeling that someone or something is unworthy of one’s consideration or respect.

She looked at him with disdain.

pogarda, lekceważenie, niechęć, wzgarda

A

Noun

Disdain

Contempt, scorn, disrespect

English 5.0

255
Q

A sound made to express doubt or displeasure.

He gave a harrumph when he heard the news.

hę, hmpf, ochrypłe mruknięcie, niezadowolone chrząknięcie

A

Noun

Harrumph

Grumble, mutter, mumble

English 5.0

256
Q

The flexible cord that connects a fetus to the placenta, conveying oxygen and nutrients.

The doctor cut the baby’s umbilical cord.

pępowina, sznur pępowinowy, łącznik, przewód

A

Noun

Umbilical cord

Birth cord, navel string, lifeline

English 5.0

257
Q

Feeling or showing annoyance or anger.

She was cross about the cancelled plans.

zły, rozgniewany, rozdrażniony, poirytowany

A

Adjective (informal)

Cross

Angry, irritated, annoyed

English 4.0

258
Q

A legal agreement by which a bank lends money at interest in exchange for taking title of the debtor’s property, with the condition that the conveyance of title becomes void upon the payment of the debt.

They took out a mortgage to buy a house.

hipoteka, kredyt hipoteczny, zastaw, pożyczka pod zastaw

A

Noun

Mortgage

Loan, home loan, deed of trust

English 5.0

259
Q

To make something concrete or specific.

Her plans began to concretize.

skonkretyzować, ucieleśnić, zmaterializować, urzeczywistnić

A

Verb

Concretize

Materialize, solidify, realize

English 5.0

260
Q

To walk with short steps and a swaying motion.

The duck waddled up to the pond.

chwalić się, dreptać, wlec się, kuśtykać

A

Verb (informal)

Waddled up

Shuffled, toddled, lumbered

English 5.0

261
Q

To make sure or take steps to ensure that something happens or is the case.

Take care to lock the door when you leave.

dbać, upewnić się, zatroszczyć się, być ostrożnym

A

Phrase

Take care that/to

Ensure, make certain, be cautious

English 5.0

262
Q

Large or heavy and therefore difficult to carry or use; unwieldy.

The package was cumbersome and hard to carry.

nieporęczny, uciążliwy, ciężki, zawadliwy

A

Adjective

Cumbersome

Burdensome, unwieldy, awkward

English 5.0

263
Q

Hills of sand formed by the wind near the ocean or in a desert.

The dunes shifted with the wind.

wydmy, piaski, pagórki, wzgórza

A

Noun

Dunes

Sand hills, mounds, ridges

English 5.0

264
Q

Expressed clearly; easy to understand.

His explanation was lucid and to the point.

jasny, klarowny, zrozumiały, przystępny

A

Adjective

Lucid

Clear, coherent, understandable

English 5.0

265
Q

A tight grip or hold.

She had a firm clutch on her purse.

chwyt, uścisk, zacisk, uchwyt

A

Noun

Clutch

Grip, grasp, hold

English 5.0

266
Q

To twist and turn with quick writhing movements.

The baby wriggled in her arms.

wić się, wiercić, skręcać się, wywijać

A

Verb

Wriggle

Squirm, twist, wriggle

English 5.0

267
Q

To move or cause to move slowly and heavily, typically in a noisy or uneven way.

The cart trundled down the street.

toczyć się, wlec się, turlać, stukotać

A

Verb

Trundle

Roll, wheel, lumber

English 5.0

268
Q

In a way that is impossible to stop or prevent.

The days moved inexorably forward.

nieuchronnie, nieubłaganie, nieodwołalnie, niezmiennie

A

Adverb

Inexorably

Unstoppably, relentlessly, inevitably

English 5.0

269
Q
  • To walk through water or another liquid or soft substance.
  • or to read, learn obfuscated material

Children were wading in the shallow water.

brodzić,ale też przebrnąć

A

Verb

Wade

Paddling, walking in water, fording

English 5.0

270
Q

To strike or bite something with a beak or similar pointed object.

The bird pecked at the window.

dziobać, skubać, kłuć, bicie

A

Verb

Peck

Nip, pick, bite

English 5.0

271
Q

In a continuous or forward direction.

They marched onwards towards the city.

dalej, naprzód, do przodu, w przód

A

Adverb

Onwards

Forward, ahead, forth

English 5.0

272
Q

To form or shape wrongly or badly.

The statue was misformed during the casting process.

zniekształcić, zepsuć, źle uformować, pokrzywić

A

Verb

Misform

Deform, misshape, distort

English 5.0

273
Q

To express complete disapproval of; censure.

The court condemned his actions.

potępić, skazać, krytykować, zganąć

A

Verb

Condemn

Denounce, censure, criticize

English 5.0

274
Q

The fact or process of ending or being brought to an end.

The cessation of hostilities was a relief.

przerwanie, zaprzestanie, ustanie, zawieszenie

A

Noun

Cessation

End, halt, stop

English 5.0

275
Q

The hard, pointed mouthpart of birds, some insects, and certain other animals.

The eagle’s beak was sharp and strong.

dziób, ptasi dziób, szczyt, nos

A

Noun

Beak

Bill, snout, rostrum

English 5.0

276
Q

The process of reducing tension or dispersing something.

The defusion of the situation was her top priority.

rozproszenie, złagodzenie, rozładowanie, rozdzielenie

A

Noun (specialized)

Defusion

De-escalation, dispersion, dissipation

English 5.0

277
Q

To make a sharp, harsh, grating, or squeaking sound.

The old door creaked as it opened.

A

Verb

Creak

Squeak, groan, screech

English 5.0

278
Q

A mix or hybrid of two different things, qualities, or types.

She’s a cross between a scientist and an artist.

mieszanka, hybryda, połączenie, krzyżówka

A

Phrase

Cross between

Mixture, hybrid, combination

English 5.0

279
Q

A long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one written for a university degree or diploma.

His dissertation was on medieval literature.

praca, rozprawa, dysertacja, esej

A

Noun

Dissertation

Thesis, treatise, essay

English 5.0

280
Q

A combination of different things in which the components retain their individual characteristics.

The recipe called for a mixture of spices.

mieszanka, połączenie, kompozycja, mix

A

Phrase

Mixture of

Combination, blend, assortment

English 5.0

281
Q

To use power or ability to affect or sway someone or something.

The media exerts influence on public opinion.

wywierać wpływ, oddziaływać, wpłynąć, działać

A

Phrase

Exerts influence

Wields power, impacts, affects

English 5.0

282
Q

To use or apply power, control, or influence.

She knows how to exercise authority effectively.

stosować władzę, używać wpływu, egzekwować autorytet, wpływać

A

Phrase

Exercise authority/influence

Wield power, assert control, exert influence

English 5.0

283
Q

Drunk or intoxicated.

After the party, he was completely soused.

pijany, nawalony, podchmielony, zalany

A

Adjective (informal)

Soused

Drunk, intoxicated, inebriated

English 5.0

284
Q

A financial support paid to a spouse after separation or divorce.

He was required to pay alimony each month.

alimenty, utrzymanie, wsparcie finansowe, zasiłek

A

Noun

Alimony

Spousal support, maintenance, financial support

English 5.0

285
Q

Beginning to develop or flourish.

Her talent in music is really blossoming.

kwitnący, rozkwitający, rozwijający się, pączkujący

A

Adjective

Blossoming

Flowering, blooming, developing

English 5.0

286
Q

To make a beverage by steeping, boiling, and fermenting certain ingredients.

She brewed a fresh pot of coffee.

warzyć, zaparzać, przyrządzać, fermentować

A

Verb

Brew

Infuse, steep, concoct

English 5.0

287
Q

Given, felt, or done in return; bearing on or binding each of two parties equally.

They had a reciprocal agreement to help each other.

wzajemny, obustronny, rewanżowy, odpowiedni

A

Adjective

Reciprocal

Mutual, corresponding, complementary

English 5.0

288
Q

Complete and total.

He won the race outright.

bezpośredni, całkowity, absolutny, jednoznaczny

A

Adjective

Outright

Complete, total, absolute

English 5.0

289
Q

Relating to, based on, or expressing a person’s attitude or personal stance.

Attitudinal changes are necessary for progress.

związany z postawą, behawioralny, dotyczący nastawienia, psychologiczny

A

Adjective

Attitudinal

Behavioral, psychological, mindset-related

English 5.0

290
Q

A large, heavy-bodied snake that kills its prey by constriction.

The boa constrictor wrapped itself around its prey.

boa dusiciel, wąż dusiciel, boa, dusiciel

A

Noun

Boa constrictor

Large snake, constrictor, serpent

English 5.0

291
Q

To fall back into a previous condition or mode of behavior.

She relapsed into her old habits.

wznowienie, nawrót, powrót do stanu, regres

A

``Verb

Relapse

Regress, backslide, deteriorate

English 5.0

292
Q

To restore someone or something to their former position or condition.

The coach was reinstated after the investigation.

przywrócić, powrócić, odnowić, reinstalować

A

Verb

Reinstate

Restore, return, reestablish

English 5.0

293
Q

A period of paid leave granted to a university teacher or other worker for study or travel, traditionally every seventh year.

She’s on a sabbatical to research her book.

urlop naukowy, sabatyczny, przerwa, wakacje

A

Noun

Sabbatical

Leave of absence, break, hiatus

English 5.0

294
Q

-Disease
-A problem within a system or organization

A disease or ailment.

An unknown malady afflicted the village.

A

Noun

Malady

Disease, ailment, illness

English 5.0

295
Q

Seeking to impose a doctrine in all circumstances without regard to practical considerations.

His doctrinaire approach to management caused issues.

doktrynalny, sztywny, dogmatyczny, nieelastyczny

A

Adjective

Doctrinaire

Dogmatic, inflexible, rigid

English 5.0

296
Q

Relating to or denoting an operant condition or behavior.

Operant conditioning is a key concept in psychology.

działający, operacyjny, skuteczny, funkcjonujący

A

Adjective (specialized)

Operant

Effective, functioning, working

English 5.0

297
Q

Intervention in a dispute in order to resolve it.

The conflict was resolved through mediation.

mediacja, pośrednictwo, negocjacja, interwencja

A

Noun

Mediation

Intervention, arbitration, negotiation

English 5.0

298
Q

A place or situation where one expects to find great happiness or success.

They saw America as the promised land.

ziemia obiecana, raj, miejsce szczęścia, wymarzony kraj

A

Phrase

Promise land

Utopia, ideal place, land of opportunity

English 5.0

299
Q

To arrange or assemble (a group of people, especially troops) in order.

The general marshaled his forces for the attack.

zorganizować, ustawić, zgromadzić, rozmieścić

A

Verb

Marshal

Organize, arrange, assemble

English 5.0

300
Q

Tending to be different or develop in different directions.

Their opinions were divergent on many topics.

różny, odmienny, rozbieżny, zbieżny

A

Adjective

Divergent

Different, varying, deviating

English 5.0

301
Q

To change or cause to change in character or composition.

Plans had to be altered at the last minute.

zmieniać, modyfikować, przekształcać, dostosować

A

Verb

Alter

Change, modify, adjust

English 5.0

302
Q

To enroll or be enrolled in the armed services.

He enlisted in the navy.

zaciągnąć się, zwerbować, zarekrutować, wstąpić

A

Verb

Enlist

Join, sign up, recruit

English 5.0

303
Q

To officially arrange to join a course, school, or group.

She enrolled in the university.

zapisać się, zarejestrować, wstąpić, dołączyć

A

Verb

Enroll

Register, sign up, matriculate

English 5.0

304
Q

To increase the range of activities or areas that something affects or covers.

The company is looking to expand its scope into new markets.

poszerzyć zakres, rozszerzyć działalność, zwiększyć zasięg, rozwinąć obszar

A

Phrase

Expand scope

Broaden range, extend coverage, widen reach

English 5.0

305
Q

A particular position, point, or place.

The locus of the meeting was the boardroom.

miejsce, punkt, lokalizacja, centrum

A

Noun

Locus

Location, place, site

English 5.0

306
Q

To move or cause to move from one place to another, especially over a small distance.

She shifted her gaze to the window.

zmienić, przesunąć, przestawić, przekierować

A

Verb

Shift

Move, change, transfer

English 5.0

307
Q

To apply oil to something, especially to make it work smoothly.

He greased the wheels of the bicycle.

smarować, natłuścić, oliwić, posmarować

A

Verb

Grease

Lubricate, oil, smear

English 5.0

308
Q

To make less severe, serious, or painful.

Measures were taken to mitigate the effects of the disaster.

łagodzić, zmniejszać, osłabić, zredukować

A

Verb

Mitigate

Lessen, alleviate, reduce

English 5.0

309
Q

To support or strengthen something.

She bolstered his confidence with her encouragement.

wzmocnić, podpierać, poprzeć, umocnić

A

Verb

Bolster

Support, strengthen, reinforce

English 5.0

310
Q

In a manner that expresses great happiness or triumph.

The team celebrated jubilantly after their victory.

radosny, triumfalny, z entuzjazmem, uroczyście

A

Adverb

Jubilantly

Joyfully, exultantly, triumphantly

English 5.0

311
Q

An instance of overflowing or spreading into another area.

The spillover effect of the crisis affected neighboring countries.

rozlew, przelew, skutek uboczny, rozprzestrzenianie się

A

Noun

Spillover

Overflow, repercussion, extension

English 5.0

312
Q

Having a stale, moldy, or damp smell.

The old house had a musty odor.

stęchły, zapleśniały, przestarzały, zatęchły

A

Adjective

Musty

Moldy, stale, damp-smelling

English 5.0

313
Q

Having eyes that look very tired and watery.

He was bleary-eyed after studying all night.

z zaczerwienionymi oczami, śpiący, zaspany, zmęczony

A

Adjective

Bleary-eyed

Sleepy, tired, groggy

English 5.0

314
Q

(Of vision) blurred; not clear.

His vision was bleary from lack of sleep.

zamglony, rozmazany, niewyraźny, zaczerwieniony

A

Adjective

Bleary

Blurry, unclear, indistinct

English 5.0

315
Q

(Fruit or grain) developed to the point of readiness for harvesting and eating.

The apples were ripe and juicy.

dojrzały, gotowy, pełny, soczysty

A

Adjective

Ripe

Mature, ready, full-grown

English 5.0

316
Q

The force or energy with which something moves.

The grant gave a new impetus to the project.

impuls, bodziec, zachęta, motywacja

A

Noun

Impetus

Motivation, stimulus, incentive

English 5.0

317
Q

A mass of snow, ice, and rocks falling rapidly down a mountainside.

The avalanche buried the mountain village.

lawina, zsuwanie się, osuwisko, potok

A

Noun

Avalanche

Landslide, snowslide, cascade

English 5.0

318
Q

Spread or branched out into many sections.

The organization’s influence has ramified over the years.

rozgałęziony, rozprzestrzeniony, skomplikowany, rozszerzony

A

Adjective

Ramified

Branched, spread out, complex

English 5.0

319
Q

A theoretical model that explains how something is spread or communicated over time among the members of a social system.

The diffusion model helped explain the adoption of new technologies.

model dyfuzji, wzór rozprzestrzeniania, schemat rozprzestrzeniania, model rozszerzania

A

Noun (specialized)

Diffusion model

Spread theory, dissemination pattern, expansion blueprint

English 5.0

320
Q

Secured in the possession of or assigned to a person.

She had a vested interest in the company’s success.

nabyty, ustalony, zagwarantowany, przypisany

A

Adjective

Vested

Established, conferred, endowed

English 5.0

321
Q

It is not surprising or unusual.

It’s little wonder that he’s tired after the long journey.

nic dziwnego, że, zrozumiałe, że, spodziewane, że, oczywiste, że

A

Phrase

Small/little wonder that

Not surprising, understandable, expected

English 5.0

322
Q

To cause or bring about an action or feeling.

His remarks prompted a heated discussion.

pobudzać, wywoływać, skłonić, zachęcać

A

Verb

Prompt

Encourage, stimulate, provoke

English 5.0

323
Q

Most extreme; greatest.

She tried her utmost to complete the task on time.

największy, maksymalny, najwyższy, skrajny

A

Adjective

Utmost

Greatest, maximum, supreme

English 5.0

324
Q

To make something appear in a negative or unfavorable way.

His behavior reflects bad on the entire team.

źle świadczy o, rzucać złe światło, wskazywać negatywnie, odzwierciedlać źle

A

Phrase

Reflects bad on something

Shows negatively, casts in poor light, indicates poorly

English 5.0

325
Q

To imitate or try to emulate someone, typically a role model.

He modelled himself on his favorite basketball player.

naśladować, wzorować się na, emulować, kopiować

A

Phrase

(Someone) modelled himself on (someone)

Imitated, followed, emulated

English 5.0

326
Q

To lose interest or become bored with something or someone.

She quickly tired of the repetitive work.

zmęczyć się, znudzić się, stracić zainteresowanie, mieć dość

A

Verb

Tire of

Become bored with, grow weary of, lose interest in

English 5.0

327
Q

Unwilling or reluctant to do something.

She was loath to admit her mistakes.

niechętny, oporny, ociągający się, niechcący

A

Phrase

Loath to do something

Unwilling, reluctant, hesitant

English 5.0

328
Q

Feeling or showing caution about possible dangers or problems.

He was wary of strangers.

ostrożny, przezorny, nieufny, czujny

A

Adjective

Wary of

Cautious, suspicious, careful

English 5.0

329
Q

A change to an opposite direction, position, or course of action.

The court ordered a reversal of the previous decision.

odwrócenie, zmiana, cofnięcie, rewizja

A

Noun

Reversal

Change, turnaround, flip

English 5.0

330
Q

A practice or trial performance of a play or other work for later public performance.

The actors were busy with rehearsal.

próba, ćwiczenie, przygotowanie, repetycja

A

Noun

Rehearsal

Practice, run-through, preparation

English 5.0

331
Q

To calculate or conclude after consideration.

I reckon we’ll arrive by 6 PM.

liczyć, sądzić, przewidywać, szacować

A

Verb

Reckon

Calculate, estimate, consider

English 5.0

332
Q

Not thorough or detailed.

The details he gave were rather sketchy.

pobieżny, szkicowy, niepełny, ogólnikowy

A

Adjective

Sketchy

Incomplete, rough, superficial

English 5.0

333
Q

The essential or characteristic customs and conventions of a community.

The mores of the society were strict and traditional.

obyczaje, normy, zwyczaje, tradycje

A

Noun

Mores

Customs, traditions, norms

English 5.0

334
Q
  • claim to be true
  • compete to win
  • (with) have to deal with a difficult situation or person

She had to contend with numerous obstacles.

rywalizować, twierdzić, zmagać się, utrzymywać

A

Verb

Contend

Compete, argue, assert

English 5.0

335
Q

To claim or assert that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically without proof.

He alleged that the company had defrauded him.

twierdzić, zarzucać, oskarżać, utrzymywać

A

Verb

Allege

Claim, assert, accuse

English 5.0

336
Q

Unfortunate accidents or bad luck.

Several mishaps occurred during the trip.

nieszczęścia, wypadki, niepowodzenia, wpadki

A

Noun

Mishaps

Accidents, misfortunes, incidents

English 5.0

337
Q

A statement or idea that forms the basis for a reasonable line of argument.

The research was based on the premise that language shapes thought.

założenie, przesłanka, podstawa, hipoteza

A

Noun

Premise

Assumption, basis, proposition

English 5.0

338
Q

In a manner not likely to irritate or offend; harmlessly.

He made an innocuous joke to lighten the mood.

nieszkodliwie, niewinnie, łagodnie, bezpiecznie

A

Adverb

Innocuously

Harmlessly, safely, benignly

English 5.0

339
Q

The area near or surrounding a particular place.

Several hotels are located in the vicinity of the airport.

okolica, sąsiedztwo, pobliże, bliskość

A

Noun

Vicinity

Proximity, neighborhood, area

English 5.0

340
Q

Direct descent from an ancestor; ancestry or pedigree.

She traced her lineage back to royalty.

rodowód, pochodzenie, linia rodowa, przodek

A

Noun

Lineage

Ancestry, heritage, descent

English 5.0

341
Q

Away from the appropriate, planned, or expected course; amiss.

His plans went awry.

na opak, nie tak, krzywo, niepożądany

A

Adjective

Awry

Amiss, wrong, askew

English 5.0

342
Q

To keep (a thought or feeling, typically a negative one) in one’s mind, especially secretly.

She harbored resentment for years.

ukrywać, żywić, schronić, przechowywać

A

Verb

Harbor

Shelter, hold, conceal

English 5.0

343
Q

To satisfy (thirst) by drinking; to extinguish (fire, flames, or thirst).

Water helped to quench his thirst.

ugaszać, zaspokoić, stłumić, zadusić

A

Verb

Quench

Extinguish, satisfy, douse

English 5.0

344
Q

Having a solid, almost unyielding surface or structure.

He was a firm believer in traditional values.

twardy, pewny, stanowczy, nieugięty

A

Adjective

Firm

Steadfast, resolute, strong

English 5.0

345
Q

Involving or requiring strenuous effort; difficult and tiring.

The journey was arduous and exhausting.

trudny, mozolny, wyczerpujący, ciężki

A

Adjective

Arduous

Difficult, hard, strenuous

English 5.0

346
Q

To annoy or irritate (a person) with persistent fault-finding or continuous urging.

She nagged him to clean his room.

dręczyć, zrzędzić, narzekać, dokuczać

A

Verb

Nag

Pester, badger, harass

English 5.0

347
Q

A principle or belief, especially one of the main principles of a religion or philosophy.

Non-violence is a central tenet of their faith.

zasada, doktryna, dogmat, przekonanie

A

Noun

Tenet

Principle, belief, doctrine

English 5.0

348
Q

Severe mental or physical pain or suffering.

She felt anguish at the news of the tragedy.

cierpienie, ból, udręka, rozpacz

A

Noun

Anguish

Pain, agony, distress

English 5.0

349
Q

A lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts.

There’s a discrepancy between your account and his.

rozbieżność, niezgodność, różnica, sprzeczność

A

Noun

Discrepancy

Inconsistency, difference, divergence

English 5.0

350
Q

The act of assessing someone or something.

Her performance received a positive appraisal.

ocena, wycena, oszacowanie, analiza

A

Noun

Appraisal

Assessment, evaluation, estimation

English 5.0

351
Q

To shake or tremble in speaking, typically through nervousness or emotion.

Her voice quavered with fear.

drżeć, trząść się, dygotać, falować

A

Verb

Quaver

Tremble, shake, quiver

English 5.0

352
Q

Each of the two sides of the head between the forehead and the ear.

He rubbed his temples to ease the headache.

skronie, boki głowy, czoło, przestrzeń

A

Noun

Temples

Sides of the head, forehead sides, head flanks

English 5.0

353
Q

In an initial stage; beginning to happen or develop.

He could feel incipient anger building up.

początkujący, rozwijający się, kiełkujący, zaczynający

A

(of ideas, facts,Adjective

Incipient

Beginning, developing, emerging

English 5.0

354
Q

(of ideas, facts, or statements) representing findings or points of view that are so different from each other that they cannot be made compatible.

Their differences were irreconcilable.

nie do pogodzenia, sprzeczny, niezgodny, konfliktowy

A

Adjective

Irreconcilable

Incompatible, conflicting, at odds

English 5.0

355
Q

To hit or strike heavily, especially with the fist or a blunt implement.

He thumped the desk in frustration.

uderzać, walić, pukać, łomotać

A

Verb

Thump

Bang, hit, pound

English 5.0

356
Q

Awkwardly solid, heavy, and outdated.

He wore some clunky old boots.

nieporęczny, ciężki, toporny, niezdarny

A

Adjective

Clunky

Awkward, heavy, cumbersome

English 5.0

357
Q

To take or move (someone or something) somewhere suddenly and quickly.

She whisked the children off to bed.

zamieszać, zmiatać, szybko poruszać, przemieszczać

A

Verb

Whisk

Sweep, brush, stir rapidly

English 5.0

358
Q

In accordance with the highest standards; faultless.

Her taste in music is impeccable.

nienaganny, bez zarzutu, doskonały, idealny

A

Adjective

Impeccable

Flawless, perfect, faultless

English 5.0

359
Q

To kill (someone) by covering their nose and mouth so that they suffocate.

He tried to smother the flames with a blanket.

dusić, tłumić, zasłaniać, przytłaczać

A

Verb

Smother

Suffocate, stifle, suppress

English 5.0

360
Q

A receptacle for ash from cigarettes or cigars.

He flicked his ash into the ashtray.

popielniczka, naczynie na popiół, pojemnik, tacka

A

Noun

Ashtray

Receptacle, container, tray for ashes

English 5.0

361
Q

A formally concluded and ratified agreement between states.

The two countries signed a peace treaty.

traktat, umowa, porozumienie, pakt

A

Noun

Treaty

Agreement, pact, accord

English 5.0

362
Q

To seek to obtain (something, typically food or money) at the expense or through the generosity of others or by stealth.

He scrounged a meal from his friend.

żebrać, szukać, wygrzebywać, zdobywać

A

Verb

Scrounge

Beg, forage, search

English 5.0

363
Q

Done consciously and intentionally.

It was a deliberate act of kindness.

umyślny, celowy, przemyślany, rozważny

A

Adjective

Deliberate

Intentional, calculated, planned

English 5.0

364
Q

Animal dung used for fertilizing land.

He spread manure over the fields.

nawóz, obornik, gnojówka, kompost

A

Noun

Manure

Fertilizer, compost, dung

English 5.0

365
Q

A sudden attack or incursion into enemy territory, especially to obtain something; a raid.

The company made a foray into the smartphone market.

wypad, najazd, wyprawa, incydent

A

Noun

Foray

Raid, incursion, venture

English 5.0

366
Q

Characterized by behavior that confronts fear instead of avoiding it.

His counterphobic actions were surprisingly bold.

kontrfobiczny, przeciwdziałający fobii, stawiający czoła lękom, przeciwstrachowy

A

Adjective (specialized)

Counterphobic

Defiant of fear, confronting fear, against fear

English 5.0

367
Q

(Of a person or their behavior) brave; heroic.

He made a gallant effort to save her life.

dzielny, odważny, waleczny, szarmancki

A

Adjective

Gallant

Brave, courageous, valiant

English 5.0

368
Q

To categorise

She felt pigeon-holed by her job title.

zszufladkować, skategoryzować, podzielić, ująć w ramy

A

Verb (past participle)

Pigeon-holed

Categorized, classified, compartmentalized

English 5.0

369
Q

An arrangement of flowers, leaves, or stems fastened in a ring and used for decoration or for laying on a grave.

A wreath was laid at the memorial.

wieniec, girlanda, wianek, przewiązka

A

Noun

Wreath

Garland, circlet, lei

English 5.0

370
Q

(of ideas, facts, or statements) representing findings or points of view that are so different from each other that they cannot be made compatible.

z braku lepszego określenia, z braku lepszego słowa,*Their differences w

nie do pogodzenia, sprzeczny, niezgodny, konfliktowy

A

Adjective

Irreconcilable

Incompatible, conflicting, at odds

English 5.0

371
Q

When there is no fully accurate description and you use a less accurate one

He called it a “thingamajig,” for want of a better term.

z braku lepszego określenia, z braku lepszego słowa, dla braku lepszej nazwy, z braku lepszego terminu

A

Phrase

For want of a term

Lacking a better word, for lack of a better expression

English 5.0

Angielski CPE (11 decks)

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