Week 8: PP Care & Newborn Nutrition Flashcards
Benefits of Breastfeeding: Infant
-reduced mortality
-maturation of GI trct and Immune system
-decreased risk of gastroenteritis, celiac disease, crohn’s disease, necrotizing entercolitis (premie), obesity, dental malocclusions
- protects from otitis media, respiratory illness, bacteremia, bacterial meningitis, lymphoma, T1 + T2 DM
lower incidence of allergies
- less likely for SIDS
- enhanced cognitive development
-pain relief during painful procedure
Benefits of Breastfeeding: Mother
- dec. PP bleeding, rapid uterine involution
-dec. ovarian cancer, beast cancer, rheutamoid arthiritis, HTN, hypercholestermia, cardiovasvular disease, T2 DM - rapid PP weightloss
- delayed return of menses
-bonding experience
inc maternal role attainment
-protection from mood disorders when breastfeeding difficulties are addressed
Describe the Physiology of Lactation
1: baby’s hunger triggers hypothalumus, sends signal to posterior pituitary, PP releases oxytocin, muscles contract and squeeze milk
2: suckling stimulates nerves in breast, nerve impulse sent to hypothalamus, PP releases oxytocin, muscles contract and squeeze out milk
The 5 Breastfeeding Positions
laidback, football, cross-cradle, cradling, side-lying
Descriptors of a correct latch-on position
- firm tugging but no pinching/pain
- cheeks are rounded not dimpled
- jaw glides smoothly w/ sucking
-swallowing is audible “ca” - baby cannot be easily removed from breast
- nipple is not distorted when baby releases it
How to break suction during breastfeeding
insert finger into the side of the baby’s mouth, keep it there until nipple fully released
Baby is fed based on ________
demand
Ideal time to begin brestfeeding
within the first hour of breastfeeding when newborn is in a quiet and alert state
Cultural considerations for breastfeeding
some cultures do not give colostrum and only feed when the milk comes in
What causes sore nipples?
poor latch & ineffective suck
What reccomendations can the nurse give for sore nipples?
-break suction properly, reposition
- rub breastmilk on nipple after feed
- encourage air drying after a feed
- change nursing bads
- avoud tight bras
What causes engorgement of breasts?
occurs 2-6 days PP, when milk production is increased
What does breast engorgement feel/look like?
hard breasts, throbbing, flattening of nipples
What can nurses recommend for engorgement?
feed frequently
soften breasts with warm compress, shower, hand expression
what causes plugged ducts?
engorgement
what do plugged ducts feel like?
sore tender lumps
What can nurses recommend for plugged ducts?
massage lump before/during feeding
feed on unaffected side first
ensure complete emptying
What are the symptoms of mastitis?
fever
tachy
chills
malaise
headache
enlarged axillary nodes
when does mastitis typically occur?
2-3 weeks PP
What can help with mastitis?
breastfeed 2-3 hours exlcusively
warm compress + massage breasts
antibiotics + antipyuretics
What is parental-infant attachment affectde by?
support
parental expectations
newborn behaviours
competing demands
family dynamics
emotional/mental health
How can nurses assess attachment behaviors?
-do Ps reach out for baby + call by name
-identification, who it looks like, what makes it special
- change positions w/ ease
- stimulation: do they talk to baby? look at baby?
- comfortability in caring for baby
-concern/disgust changing diapers
- what ways do they show affection?
- comforting techniques used
What factors influence people to bottle feed?
- lack of support for breastfeeding
- multiple births
- difficulty establishing brestfeeding (physiological, unadddressed)
- lack of interest / discomfort
- maternal medication use / illness
- myths
- cultural factors
Effects of overdilution of formula?
inadequate nutrients & calories
Effects of under-dilution?
hypernatremia- strains kidneys
temperature of bottle-feeds?
room-temp, warm
What supplement is not needed for baby’s being bottle-fed for the first 6 mo?
Vitamin D
What things should not be given to bottle-fed baby?
honey
corn-syrup
alternate milk sources
Can formula be micorwaved?
No
can you feed baby with remainder of formula in a bottle at a later time?
no, saliva is mixed in now
How are bottles cleaned?
hoat + soapy water
Bottle Feeding Considerations
- Cost (is formula diluted d/t costs)
- sterilization (clean water, time, storage?)
- comprehension of formula prep (following instructions)
- comprehension of feeding techniques (holding bottle, minimal air in nipple)
- misconceptions (cannot work + breastfeed)
- cultural (modern practice, partner has no input if baby is breastfed)
- Nurse: support, nonjudgmental care, respect their decision