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Veterinary Anatomy > Cranial Nerves 1-5 > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves 1-5 Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the axons of afferent neurons located?

A

dorsal horn of the gray matter of the spinal cord

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2
Q

Label from 1-4

A
  1. ganglion of a cranial nerve
  2. sensory cranial nerve
  3. receptors of a cranial nerve
  4. pseudounipolar neuron
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3
Q

Somatic efferent pathways have [1/2] neurons. They travel to ______.

A

1
skeletal muscle

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4
Q

Visceral efferent pathways have [1/2] neurons. They travel to ________.

A

2
preganglionic —> synapse on ganglia —> postganglionic
visceral organs or glands

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5
Q

Trace the pathway of the miosis (pupillary) and accommodation reflexes. What is the special somatic afferent?

A

SSA: retina
retina —> optic disc —> optic chasm —> optic tract —> rostral colliculus —> accessory oculomotor nucleus —> ciliary ganglion —> constrict pupil sphincter mm.

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6
Q

The nasal retina of the left eye is not intact. What side will your patient experience possible blindness?

A

right eye
nasal retina: is contralateral so will affect OPPOSITE side

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7
Q

T/F: A dog who is blind will automatically have no miosis reflex.

A

FALSE - Pupillary light reflexes (miosis) do not involve the conscious perception of vision because it bypasses the lateral geniculate nucleus and goes to the rostral colliculus. Therefore, it is subcortical

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8
Q

The temporal retina of the right eye is not intact. What side will your patient experience possible blindness?

A

right side
temporal retina: is ipsilateral so will affect the SAME side

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9
Q

What are the main parts of a cranial nerve reflex arc?

A

receptor/location
afferent nerve
interneuron
efferent nerve
effector muscle
- sometimes GV efferent parasympathetic & smooth mm. and action

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10
Q

The olfactory n. pathway is [General/Special] [Somatic/Visceral] [Afferent/Efferent]

A

Special Somatic Afferent

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11
Q

What is the afferent nerve for the olfactory n. pathway?

A

olfactory receptor cells (is the primary afferent neuron)

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12
Q

Respiratory is [more/less] rostral and is not involved in olfaction.

A

more

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13
Q

Olfactory nerves are in the ________. What do you have to pass to get to the olfactory bulb?

A

olfactory mucosa
cribriform plate

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14
Q

Where is the olfactory cortex located?

A

piriform lobe

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15
Q

Label the picture 1-5

A
  1. olfactory bulb
  2. olfactory peduncles
  3. olfactory tracts
  4. piriform lobe (olfactory cortex)
  5. rhinencephalon
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16
Q

What is an important part of the limbic system? List what it is involved in.

A

hippocampus
involved in the formation of new memories and is associated with learning and emotions

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17
Q

What does the amygdaloid body, or amygdala, do?

A

activate sympathetic impulse (stress stimulated)

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18
Q

T/F: The olfactory n. pathway bypasses the thalamus (and is the only one to do so)

A

TRUE

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19
Q

What contains a receptor for pheromones? What reflex stimulates this?

A

vomeronasal (Jacobson’s) organ
flehmen response

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20
Q

How do pheromones reach the vomeronasal organ?

A

through the incisive papilla

21
Q

The optic n. pathway is [General/Special] [Somatic/Visceral] [Afferent/Efferent]

A

Special Somatic Afferent

22
Q

What is the communication between the 2 optic nerves?

A

optic chiasm

23
Q

Label the picture 1-3. This is a ventral view of the diencephalon.

A
  1. optic nerve
  2. optic chiasm
  3. optic tract
24
Q

Where is the visual cortex found?

A

occipital lobe

25
Q

The nasal retina is more [lateral/medial] and travels [contralaterally/ipsilaterally], and the temporal retina is more [lateral/medial] and travels [contralaterally/ipsilaterally].

A

nasal retina: medial, contralaterally
temporal retina: lateral, ipsilaterally

26
Q

List a function of the lateral geniculate body.

A

can modulate visual information before you get to the visual cortex
(what you want to focus attention on)

27
Q

What is the rostral colliculus?

A

center where visual reflexes start

28
Q

What are the cranial nerves associated with eye movement? Are they motor, sensory, or both?

A

CN III (oculomotor)
CN IV (trochlear)
CN VI (abducens)
ALL motor

29
Q

Which cranial nerve has the accessory oculomotor nucleus which is [sympathetic/parasympathetic]?

A

CN III
parasympathetic (think of the miosis and accommodation reflexes)

30
Q

When viewing objects up close, the eye muscles [contract/relax], and the pupils [constrict/dilate]

A

contract
constrict

31
Q

When viewing objects far away, the eye muscles [contract/relax], and the pupils [constrict/dilate]

A

relax
dilate

32
Q

Which two reflexes are parasympathetic reflexes?

A

miosis reflex
accommodation reflex

33
Q

The trigeminal nerve (CN V) is sensory to ______ and motor to ______

A

sensory to the skin and deeper tissues of the face
motor to the muscles of the first pharyngeal (mandibular) arch origin (masticatory muscles)

34
Q

Which branch of the trigeminal nerve is the only sensory AND motor branch?

A

mandibular n. (V3)

35
Q

CN V is sensory to most of the head EXCEPT

A

caudal portion of tongue and pharynx
occipital portions of the ear

36
Q

What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

V1: ophthalmic n.
V2: maxillary n.
V3: mandibular n.

37
Q

What is the ganglion called where all the afferent tracts of the trigeminal nerves meet?

A

trigeminal nerve ganglion

38
Q

Sensory and motor nuclei of CN V are [symmetrical/asymmetrical], both both type of nuclei live in the right and left sides

A

symmetrical

39
Q

Which of the 3 branches of the CN V is sensory to the tip of the nose?

A

ophthalmic n. (V1)

40
Q

The orbital fissure houses which nerve(s)?

A

CN III, IV, VI
ophthalmic n. of CN V (V1)

41
Q

The round foramen houses which nerve(s)?

A

maxillary n. of V (V2)

42
Q

The oval foramen houses which nerve(s)?

A

mandibular n. of V (V3)

43
Q

The ophthalmic nerve is sensory of ______

A

orbit
eye
lacrimal gland
upper eyelid
nasal plane

44
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary nerve (V2)?

A

infraoribital n.
superior alveolar nn.
palatine nn.

45
Q

Define pterygopalatine ganglion. The ______ nerve is preganglionic, and the ______ nerve is postganglionic. It is [sympathetic/parasympathetic]

A

facial (VII)
trigeminal n. V —> maxillary n. V2
parasympathetic

46
Q

What foramen is this and which nerve does it house?

A

infraorbital foramen
branches of maxillary n. (V2) of trigeminal n.

47
Q

What are the sensory nerves of the mandibular n. (V3)

A

rostral internal auricular n.
auriculo-temporal n.
inferior alveolar n.
lingual n.

48
Q

List the muscles the mandibular n. innervates.

A

masseter mm.
temporal m.
pterygoid mm.
digastricus m.

Veterinary Anatomy (12 decks)

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