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Veterinary Anatomy > Nervous System - Encephalon > Flashcards

Nervous System - Encephalon Flashcards

1
Q

____ and _____ are the somas of the CNS, and ______ are the axons of the CNS

A

gray matter & nucleus cortex
tract, fasciculus, peduncles, fibers

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1
Q

_____ is the soma for the PNS, and _____ are the axons of the PNS

A

ganglion
nerve, root, trunk, branch

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2
Q

What is the lumen for the forebrain?

A

lateral ventricle

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3
Q

What is the lumen for the midbrain aka mesencephalon?

A

mesencephalic aqueduct

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4
Q

What are the lumen for the hindbrain?

A

rostral part of 4th ventricle
caudal part of 4th ventricle

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5
Q

What does the brainstem comprise of?

A

diencephalon
mesencephalon
metencephalon
myelencephalon

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6
Q

Another word for the medulla oblongata is _____

A

myelencephalon

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7
Q

What part of the brain is for cardiovascular and respiratory control? Which cranial nerves?

A

medulla oblongata - myelencephalon
CN IV-VIII

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8
Q

What is the floor of the 4th ventricle?

A

rhomboid fossa

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9
Q

What is considered the boundary between the encephalon and spinal cord?

A

decussation of pyramids

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10
Q

What is the decussation of fibers?

A

crossover of descending motor fibers
considered the boundary between the encephalon and spinal cord

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11
Q

What part of the brain is for arousal and awareness? Which cranial nerve?

A

ventral metencephalon (pons)
CN V

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12
Q

What is the coordination of motor function?

A

dorsal mesencephalon (cerebellum)

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13
Q

What are folias of the cerebellum?

A

folds of the cortex (peripheral gray matter/neuron somas)

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14
Q

The arbor vitae is the tree shape formation in the cerebellum formed by the _____ found in the center of the cerebellum.

A

white matter (axons)

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15
Q

What are the parts of the cerebellum and their function?

A

vermis: muscular tone and balance
hemisphere: motricity

16
Q

State what the cerebellum helps in

A

helps with the coordination and movement related to motor skills
helps maintain posture, balance, and equilibrium

17
Q

List 1-2

A
  1. cerebellar cortex
  2. cerebellar nuclei
18
Q

What part of the brain is for visual/auditory reflexes and arousal/awareness? Which cranial nerves?

A

mesencephalon (rostral colliculus, caudal colliculus)
CNs III & IV

19
Q

What forms the tectum?

A

rostral colliculus
caudal colliculus

20
Q

List 1-3

A
  1. tectum (colliculus)
  2. cerebral peduncle
  3. mesencephalic aqueduct
21
Q

List 1-3

A
  1. tectum
  2. rostral colliculus
  3. caudal colliculus
22
Q

What part of the brain is for autonomic/homeostatic control and arousal and awareness? Which cranial nerve? It is also the gateway/relay center to the brain.

A

diencephalon
CN II - optic n.

23
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. epithalamus
  2. thalamus
  3. hypothalamus
  4. hypophysis
24
Q

The pineal gland is found [dorsal/ventral] and [cranial/caudal] to the epithalamus

A

dorsal
caudal

25
Q

What part of the brain is for receiving/processing sensory input, voluntary motor control, integration of information, memory/storage, and behavior/mentation? Which cranial nerve?

A

telencephalon
CN I

26
Q

What are association fibers?

A

associate areas in the same side
(green)

27
Q

What are projection fibers?

A

communicate superior with inferior areas and vice versa
(red)

28
Q

What are commissural fibers?

A

communicate contralateral areas - right and left, vice versa
(blue)

29
Q

What is this?

A

corpus collosum - commisural fibers

30
Q

What is the deep grey matter of the cerebrum called?

A

basal nuclei

31
Q

What is basal nuclei?

A

group of subcortical nuclei within the brain responsible mainly for motor control
- motor learning, executive functions, emotional behaviors, and a role in reward and reinforcement, addictive behaviors, habit formation

32
Q

What is the neocortex also called?

A

isocortex, 6-layered cortex
is the cerebral cortex

33
Q

What is the cerebral cortex involved in?

A

higher-order brain functions as sensory perception, cognition, generation of motor commands or spatial reasoning

34
Q

The phylogenetically oldest region of the brain is the _______. It is often considered contiguous with the _________

A

cerebral cortex
olfactory cortex

35
Q

What is the limbic system?

A

group of brain structures involved in behavioral and emotional responses
- especially for survival, feeding, reproduction and caring for young, and fight or flight responses

36
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. hippocampus
  2. limbic system
37
Q

T/F: The telencephalon has the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, and olfactory lobe

A

TRUE

Veterinary Anatomy (12 decks)

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