Chapter Fifteen

Question 1

State Sanctioned Shaming

Answer 1

The legal system, the police force, the prison system and a shift from physical to psychological techniques, such as solitary confinement.

Question 2

Authority

Answer 2

The justifiable right to exercise power

Question 3

Bureaucracy

Answer 3

emphasis on efficiency, predictability, and rationality, marked by impersonality and the application of formal rules without regard to personal allegiances or feelings

Question 4

The Milgram Experiment

Answer 4

Devised in 1961 by Stanley Milgram to see how far ordinary people would go to obey a scientific authority figure

Question 5

Paradox of Authority

Answer 5

Once a person or institution decides to use physical coercion, it loses all its legitimate authority

Question 6

International State System

Answer 6

A system in which each state is recognized as territorially sovereign by fellow states

Question 7

Welfare State

Answer 7

A system in which the state is responsible for the well-being of its citizens

Question 8

Soft Power

Answer 8

power attained through the use of cultural attractiveness rather than the threat of coercive action (hard power)

Question 9

Game Theory

Answer 9

The study of strategic decisions made under conditions of uncertainty and interdependence

Question 10

Collective Action Problems

Answer 10

The difficulty in organizing large groups because of the tendency of some individuals to freeload or slack off

Question 11

Civic Voluntarism

Answer 11

Donating one’s labor for the public good

Question 12

Weber

Answer 12

most directly applicable to the modern state, with its structured legal systems and bureaucratic administration and it gains legitimacy through laws, regulations, and procedures that are designed to be rational, impersonal, and objective

Question 13

Charismatic Authority

Answer 13

Belief in the supernatural or intrinsic gifts of the individual. People respond to this kind of authority because they believe that the individual has a special calling

Question 14

Tradition Authority

Answer 14

Belief in time and custom. People respond to this kind of authority because they honor the post and they believe that time-proven methods are the best

Question 15

Legal-Rational Authority

Answer 15

Belief in procedure. People respond to this kind of authority because they believe that the requirements or laws have been enacted in the proper manner

Question 16

Power

Answer 16

the ability to carry out one’s will despite resistance

Question 17

Domination

Answer 17

the probability that a command with specific content will be obeyed by a given group of people

Question 18

Coercion

Answer 18

the use of force to get others to do what you want

Question 19

Civil Rights

Answer 19

the rights guaranteeing a citizens personal freedom from interference, including freedom of speech and the right to travel freely

Question 20

Political Rights

Answer 20

The rights guaranteeing a citizens ability to participate in politics, including the right to vote and the right to hold an elected office

Question 21

Social Rights

Answer 21

The rights guaranteeing a citizen’s protection by the state

Question 22

Democracy

Answer 22

government wherein power theoretically lies with the people

Question 23

Dictatorship

Answer 23

A form of government that restricts the right to political participation to a small group or even to a single individual

Question 24

Political Party

Answer 24

An organization that seeks to gain power in a government generally by backing candidates for office who subscribe (to the extent possible) to the organizations political ideals

Question 25

Interest Group

Answer 25

An organization that seeks to gain power in government and influence policy without campaigning for direct election or appointment to office