Week 10: Common Childhood Illnesses Flashcards
What is nasopharyngitis?
common cold
caused by viruses (influenza, RSV…)
What are the clinical manifestations of nasopharyngitis?
stuffy, runny nose
scratchy tickly throat
sneezing
watering eyes
low grade fever
sore throat
mild hacking cough
achy muscles/bones
NC: Nasopharyngitis
tx at home
promote comfort
educate on signs of complications
What is RSV (Respiratory Synctal Virus)?
common cause of bronchitis
high risk kids need tx for RSV once a month during RSV season (Nov-Apr)
spreads by touching (lives on hard surfaces for 6+hours)
tx is to relieve symptoms
antibiotics have no effect
What vaccine is givven to prevent severe RSV?
palivizumab
What is influenza?
flu
caused by orthomyxoviruses (TA/B/C)
What are the clinical manifestations of influenza?
fever/feverish chills
cough
sore throat
runny/stuffy nose
muscle/body aches
headaches
fatigue
NC: Influenza
rest
fluids (water)
mediction (tx of fever/aches)
How can you prevent influenza?
yearly vaccines (flu shot)
What are the types of flu vaccines available for children?
annual flu shot (6mo +)
- injectable influenza vaccine (IIV4), for young people 6mo+
- live attentuated influenxa vaccine (LAIV4), nasal spray for 2yrs-49yrs, non-pregnant ppl
What are emergency warning signs of the flu?
fast/troubled breathing
bluish lips/face
ribs pulling in with each breath
chest pain
severe muscle pain (child refuses to walk)
dehydration (no tears, dry mouth, no pee 8+hours)
not alert, not interacting when awake
seizures
fever: 104F+/ present in <12w kids
fever/ cough (imrpoves but then returns/worsens)
worsening of chronic medical conditions
What is Acute Otitis Media (AOD)?
inflammation in middle ear d/t cold/sore throat/respiratory infection
etiology/pathophysiology (when bacteria/virus infect and trap fluid behind eardrum, causing pain/bulging of ear drum)
Management of AOD?
pharmacological: antibiotics, pain-relief
surgical: placement of ear tubes (drainage + prevent buildup)
How can you prevent AOD?
pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine
Risk factors for AOD?
secondhand tobbaco smoke
preschool, daycare attendance
bottle feeding
pacifier use
allergies
esophageal reflex
siblings w/ ear infections
congential/autoimmune disease
chromosomal abnormalities
carniofacial abnormalities (cleft lip, down syndrome)
lower socioeconomic status (poor housing, diet, access to care)
NC: AOD
pain relief
facilitate drainage
prevent complications/reoccurence
education
- have child sit up/raise head on pillow, lie on unaffected side
- heat application
-diet, fluid intake - hygiene HH
-monitor hearing loss
What is bronchitis?
inflammation of the breathing tubes –> increased music production, narrowing airways
What is bronchitis caused by?
infections
physical/chemical agents (dust, allergens, fumes, tobbaco)
cold
S/S of Bronchitis?
cough
production of musuc (clear, white, yellow-grya, green, bloody streak-R)
fatigue
SOB
slight fever/chills
NC: Bronchitis
avoid exposure to second hand smoke
cough medicine
humidify air
medicine (fever, pain)
quit smoking
What medication should you avoid if you have bronchitis?
antihistamines
they dry up the secretions and cacan make the cough worse
What is Asthma?
chronic inflammatory disorder of airways; airways swell & narrow, produce extra muscus (broncial hyperresponsiveness). makes breathing difficult, triggering coughing, wheezing, SOB
What are triggers for asthma?
infections
allergies
exercise, weather
smoke, fumes, pollution
medicine (anti-inflammatory pain killers- ibuprofen, aspirin)
emotions (stress, laughter)
What are S/S of asthma?
SOB
chest tightness/pain
wheezing when exhaling
trouble sleeping
couching/wheezing worsened by infections
Medication Therapy for Asthma
1:bronchodilators
2;Anti-inflammatories (streoidal)
3:eukotrine modifiers
4: cromolyn sodium
-long tem control meds: singulair, flovent, advairm pulmicort, symbicort, QVAR
-quick relief: albuterol, ipratropium bromide, inhaler, corticosteriods, cromolyn sodium, levalbuterol, terbutaline, theophylline, leukotriene modifiers