ch.23 respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

if the volume of the lungs increases, what happens to the air pressure inside the lungs?

A

it decreases

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2
Q

what is the function of the nasal cavity?

A
  1. filters air
  2. Warm air
  3. humidifies air
  4. housing olfactory receptors
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3
Q

what does henry’s law state?

A

the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure

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4
Q

what would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues?

A

decreased pH

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5
Q

what is the largest cartilage of the larynx?

A

thyroid

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6
Q

what is the smallest cartilage of the larynx?

A

cuneiform

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7
Q

what does Dalton’s law state?

A

in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressure of the gases in the mixture

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8
Q

if a patient inhales as deeply as possible and then exhales as much as possible the volume of air expelled would be a patient’s _________

A

vital capacity

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9
Q

what is vital capacity?

A

is the maximum amount of air a person can exhale forcefully after taking a deep breath.

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10
Q

what is tidal volume?

A

is the amount of air a person breathes in or out during a normal relaxed breathe

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11
Q

what is reserve volume?

A

refers to the extra air a person can inhale (Inspiratory reserve volume) or exhale beyond the normal tidal breathing

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12
Q

what is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

inhale

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13
Q

what is expiratory reserve volume?

A

exhale

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14
Q

how many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3 lobes

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15
Q

how many lobes does the left lung have?

A

two lobes

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16
Q

what does the oropharynx do?

A

receives both air and food

17
Q

what is the function of nasopharynx?

A
  1. sound of speech
  2. houses that equalize ear pressure
  3. passage for air travel
18
Q

most of the oxygen transported by the blood is_________

A

bound to the hemoglobin

19
Q

what is boyle’s law?

A

inversely proportional to the volume of the container

20
Q

what is quiet breathing?

A

automatic breathing to meet oxygen and carbon dioxide requirements.

21
Q

what is carbonic acid?

A

carbon dioxide and water

22
Q

what is the ringed shaped cartilage inferior to the thyroid cartilage?

A

cricoid

23
Q

hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is high is…

A

less then hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen when the BPG level is low

24
Q

the auditory tubes open to

A

nasopharynx

25
Q

what happens during decompressing sickness?

A

pressure decreases too fast and nitrogen gas in the blood forms bubbles.

26
Q

how many cartilages does the larynx have?

A

9

27
Q

what causes for vocal cords to thicken up?

A

Androgens (testosterone)

28
Q

where are the true vocal cords?

A

in the glottis

29
Q

where are the false vocal cords?

A

ventricular folds

30
Q

from where to where is the trachea?

A

larynx to T5 (spine)

31
Q

the four layers of the trachea (inner to outer)

A
  1. mucosa
  2. submucosa
  3. hyaline cartilage
  4. adventitia (anchors)
32
Q

what is the carina?

A

the internal ridge that divides the right and left primary bronchus

33
Q

bronchi in order

A

primary bronchus, secondary bronchus, tertiary, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

34
Q

sympathetic ANS

A

flight or fight
relaxation/dilation (allow more blood)

35
Q

parasympathetic ANS

A

rest mode
contraction/constriction (less blood)

36
Q

where is the cardiac notch?

A

left lung (makes smaller)

37
Q

parietal pleura

A

lines walls of thoracic cavity

38
Q

visceral pleura

A

cover lungs themselves