Social Attribution Flashcards

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1
Q

Situational causes

A

External attribution

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2
Q

Dispositional causes- something inside decision maker

A

Internal attribution

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3
Q

Does a behavior correspond to a personality trait?
Can I make an inference about who someone is as a person based on what they do?

Is the behavior freely chosen?
Is the behavior inconsistent with your social role?
Is the behavior socially undesirable?

If yes to all of the above: dispositional attribution
If not, situational attribution or ambiguous

A

Correspondence inference theory

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4
Q

People don’t only focus on single situations
Instead, integrate lots of info across situations to make sense of people’s behavior
Consensus: do others do this?
Distinctiveness: does this person usually behave this way?

A

Kelley’s Theory of Covariation

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5
Q

Others aren’t interested in Matt (consensus is low)
Simon will marry anyone (distinctiveness is low)
Simon has proposed every day this week (consistency is high)
Internal attribution: Simon is desperate

A

Example of Kelley’s Theory of Covariation: Simon proposes to Matt

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6
Q

Three dimensions of causality:

Locus of causality: is the cause internal or external?
Stability: is the cause permanent or not?
Controllability: does the person have control over the outcome?

A

Weiner’s Theory of Attributions

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7
Q

A person’s habitual way of explaining events, typically assessed along three dimensions: internal/external, stable/unstable, and global/specific

A

Explanatory style

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8
Q

Tendency for people (in Western cultures) to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences on others’ behavior

A

Fundamental attribution error

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9
Q

The seeming importance of information that is the focus of people’s attention

A

Perceptual salience

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10
Q

The belief that people get what they deserve in life and deserve what they get

A

Just-world hypothesis

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11
Q

Tendency to attribute one’s own behavior to situational causes and others’ behavior to personal causes

A

Actor-observer bias

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12
Q

Perceiving oneself favorably

A

Self-serving bias

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13
Q

Arousal from one experience carries over to a new experience

Emotional response comes from our attribution about the cause of an event

A

Misattribution of arousal

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14
Q

There are marked cultural differences in susceptibility to the fundamental attribution error

Interdependent people are less likely to make the error than independent people, in part because their tendency to pay attention to context encourages them to look to the situation confronting the actor

A

Culture and causal attribution

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15
Q

The idea that people should assign reduced weight to a particular cause of behavior if other plausible causes might have produced it

A

Discounting principle

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16
Q

The idea that people should assign greater weight to a particular cause of behavior if other causes are present that normally would produce a different outcome

A

Augmentation principle

17
Q

Mentally changing some aspect of the past as a way of imagining what might have been

A

Counterfactual thinking

18
Q

Emotional reactions to counterfactual thinking increase depending on how easy it is to imagine the alternative

A

Emotional amplification