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ENV-4617 > Landscape Management > Flashcards

Landscape Management Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main reasons why protected areas are needed?

A
  • Preserve biodiversity
  • As scientific benchmarks to evaluate change
  • Maintain natural cycles and ecological processes
  • Present and future generations
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2
Q

Define a Protected Area:

A

An area free of logging, mining, hydro-electrical, oil, and gas development, as well as other activities that could significantly adversely affect natural habitat.

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3
Q

How is permanency for protected areas ensured?

A

Through legislative means.

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4
Q

What is TLE?

A

Treaty Land Entitlement

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5
Q

Define a TLE:

A

A quantum of land is set aside for each person in a First Nation community, at the time there was no accurate data to properly allocate the land per person, but this still has not yet been completed 100 years late

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6
Q

How do nature reserves become “islands”?

A

By being surrounded by development and farmland.

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7
Q

What is the SLOSS controversy?

A

The debate of Single Large reserves or several small reserves.

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8
Q

What are the 6 principles of nature reserves in relation to islands?

A
  1. Single large preferable to several small totalling same area
  2. Large preserve holds more than small
  3. If small reserves; should be grouped closely
  4. Arrange in cluster rather than linear
  5. Corridor connection to aid dispersal
  6. Make circular to reduce edge effects
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9
Q

How are habitat patches and islands similar?

A
  • Small units of land separated from similar areas by a barrier (different habitat or human development rather than water)
  • Relationships between patch size and bird species diversity have been documented that are similar to relationships for true islands
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10
Q

How are habitat patches and islands different?

A
  • How much of a barrier does the intervening land represent
  • Isolated from what? Where is the ‘source’ population?
  • Time: how long has the patch been isolated?
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11
Q

What is the MUM?

A

A Multiple Use Module

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12
Q

Memories the process of a MUM

A

Slide 8

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13
Q

What are the primary protected areas?

A
  • Core Reserve
  • Buffers
  • Corridors
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14
Q

What are the issues faced with Core Protected Areas?

A
  1. Criteria for selection
  2. Edge Effects
  3. Buffers
  4. Corridors
  5. Replicates
  6. Temporal vs. Spatial
  7. Size
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15
Q

What are the species considered in Species specific planning?

A
  • Umbrella Species
  • Keystone species
  • Guilds
  • Multi-species
  • Biodiversity hot spots
  • Single species
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16
Q

What are the considerations in landscape planning for selecting a core reserve?

A
  • Representation of landscapes
  • Aesthetics
  • Enduring features
  • Seral stages
  • ecosite approach
17
Q

What are Landscape Planning and Species Specific Planning part of ?

A

The Criteria for Selection of Core Reserves

18
Q

What are the positive effects of Edge?

A
  • Density of edge adapted species linearly related to amount of edge (1933)
  • The edge between adjacent habitat types historically considered highly productive and beneficial to wildlife.
19
Q

What are some negative effects of edge?

A
  • Smaller ‘islands’ have more edge per unit area than larger ‘islands
  • Predation, species displacement, external effects including microclimate change, pollution etc.
20
Q

What are Buffers?

A

Serve as a filter that protects core reserve from disruptive human influences and edge effects originating in the surrounding matrix.

21
Q

What are the issues for Core Protected Areas? *

A
  • Replicates
  • Buffers
  • Edge Effects
  • Criteria for selection
  • Corridors
  • Size
  • Temporal vs. Spatial
22
Q

What are some issues related to buffers?

A
  • Private land ownership
  • Intensity of land use in matrix
  • Acceptance of buffers
  • Size of core reserves
23
Q

What are Corridors?

A

Serve to provide for genetic exchange between metapopulations to maintain genetic diversity and prevent inbreeding depression, genetic drift, etc.

24
Q

What are the potential negative effects of improper corridors?

A
  • Spread of disease
  • Population sink
  • Minimal movement of target species
25
Q

What is a Replicate?

A

To reduce chance that all reserves aimed at preserving a specific landscape, species or group of species, can be impacted in any given year

26
Q

What are two ways to avoid a stochastic event destroying a reserve?`

A
  1. Replicates
  2. Large Core Reserve
27
Q

What are 3 factors of the size of a Reserve?

A
  • Disturbance Regime
  • Umbrella Species Method
  • Island Biogeography
28
Q

What is the Species Area Curve?

A

Number of species on an island or patch increases as area increases.

29
Q

Define the Umbrella Species Method:

A

Calculate area needed for minimum viable population of species with largest range requirements

30
Q

Define Disturbance Regimes:

A

Fire ecology most often used in forested or prairie habitats. Others include flood and blow-down.

31
Q

What is an Enduring Feature?

A

A conservation assessment procedure that:
1. estimates biological diversity by mapping the diversity of physical habitats within an ecoregion framework.
2. determines the contribution of protected areas systems to representing biological diversity by using explicit criteria.

32
Q

What is an adequately captured enduring feature?

A

A sufficient portion of the enduring feature is included in existing protected areas such that ecological processes and integrity are likely to be maintained.

33
Q

What is a moderately captured enduring feature?

A

A significant portion of the enduring feature is included within protected areas in a manner that disturbance-recovery cycles are maintained across a wide range of scales with the exception of landscape scale disturbance events.

34
Q

What is a partially captured enduring feature?

A

Only minor parts of the enduring feature are included in existing protected areas and natural disturbances can only be maintained at the scale of stands or patches.

35
Q

What is a non-captured enduring feature?

A

No part of the enduring feature is included within boundaries of a protected areas.

36
Q

What are ASIs?

A

Areas of Special Interest

37
Q

What are the characteristics of ASIs?

A
  • Based on enduring features analysis
  • Areas for discussion
  • Boundaries are flexible.

ENV-4617 (18 decks)

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