A & P Follies

Question 1

Differences between pediatric and adult airway (at least 4)

Answer 1

1. Larger head and occiput
2. Larger tongue
3. Larger adenoids and tonsils
4. Anterior
5. Funnel shaped with the narrowest point at the cricoid cartilage (subglottic) vs vocal cords
6. Cartilaginous chest wall

Question 2

The cardinal movements of the second stage of labor (7)

Answer 2

1. engagement
2. descent
3. flexion
4. internal rotation
5. extension
6. external rotation
7. expulsion

Question 3

Provide normal values include units:
-pH
-EtCO2/ PaCO2
-Bicarbonate

Answer 3

-pH (7.35-7.45)
-EtCO2/ PaCO2 (35-45 mmHg)
-HCO3 (22-26 meq/L)

Question 4

RAAS SYSTEM:
_________ is secreted by the ________
_________ is secreted by the liver
ACE is secreted by the _________
Angiotensin I is converted to ______
which is responsible for __________ and the secretion of ____________ from the adrenal glands, which causes the ________________

Answer 4

Renin/ kidneys
Angiotensinogen
Lungs
Angiotensin II, vasoconstriction. Aldosterone
retention of salt and water

Question 5

What hormones are secreted from the posterior pituitary (2)?

Answer 5

-ADH
-Oxytocin

Question 6

Landmark for a cricothyroidotomy.

Answer 6

Cricothyroid membrane

Question 7

A patient is unable to effectively control their carbonic acid supply. You suspect damage to:

A. Kidneys
B. Lungs
C. Adrenal glands
D. Blood vessels

Answer 7

B. Lungs primarily control carbonic acid.

The kidneys control bicarbonate.
The adrenal glands secrete catecholamines and steroid hormones.

Question 8

A 26-year-old patient was involved in an MVC. Their spinal cord was severed at the level of C3.

You are most concerned about:

Answer 8

Their ability to breath.

Question 9

How many vessels should the umbilical cord have? What are they?

Answer 9

3

1 vein and 2 arteries

Question 10

When does the anterior fontanel close on a newborn?

Answer 10

12-18 months

Question 11

The three layers of the skin are:

Answer 11

epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous

Question 12

True or False

Maxilla Fracture is a fracture of the bottom jaw.

Answer 12

False

The Maxilla is the top jaw

Think: “MAX = TOPED OUT”

Question 13

What substance is the Anterior Chamber of the eye filled with:

What substance is the Posterior Chamber of the eye filled with:

Answer 13

Aqueous humor

Vitreous humor

Question 14

What cervical vertebrae is responsible for the diaphragm/breathing of a patient?

Answer 14

C5

” Keeps the diaphragm alive “

Question 15

Large opening at the base of the skull where the brain connects to the spinal cord

Location where the brain can herniate

Answer 15

Foramen magnum

Question 16

Protective layer that surrounds the brain and spinal cords:

Answer 16

Meninges

Question 17

In order from bottom (brain) to top, list the layers of meninges:

Answer 17

P-pia
A- arachnoid
D- dura

Question 18

Function of subarachnoid space:

Answer 18

Where CSF flows

Question 19

Babinski Reflex (abnormal)

Answer 19

Toes move upward in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot

Normal circumstances, toes move downward

Question 20

What is the axial skeleton composed of (4)?

What is the appendicular skeleton composed of (3)?

Answer 20

skull
spine
sternum
ribs

clavicles
extremities
pelvis

Question 21

Efferent Neurons
Afferent Neurons

Answer 21

Afferent neurons carry information from sensory receptors to the CNS.

Efferent neurons carry motor information away from the CNS.

Question 22

Name the type of immunity:
-Production of antibodies that attack invading organisms
-Production of special WBC’s to defend against invaders
-Vaccine administration makes the body produce antibodies without experiencing the disease
-The body is affected by a virus and builds its own immunity to future invasions

Answer 22

Humoral

Cellular

Acquired

Natural

Question 23

Normal Ranges for Males/ Females:

Hgb
HCT
RBC
WBC
Platelet

Answer 23

Hgb:
14-18 g/dl— 12-16 g/dl
HCT:
42-52%—- 37-47%
RBC:
4.7-6.1 million/ mcL— 4.2-5.4 million/ mcL
WBC: 4,300- 10,800 cmm
Platelet: 150,000- 450,000 μl