Pathophysiology

Question 1

Pathophysiology:
Anaphylaxis

Answer 1

Mast cells and basophils release histamine which causes:
-massive vasodilation
-increased cellular permeability
-bronchoconstriction.

Question 2

Sepsis

Answer 2

Systemic infection results in:
- massive vasodilation
- increased cellular permeability
- increased coagulability

Question 3

Asthma

Answer 3

IgE-mediated immune response that results in:
- bronchoconstriction
- inflammation
-increased mucus production

Question 4

Neurogenic shock

Answer 4

Results from an SCI that causes an
-unopposed parasympathetic response
- disruption of the sympathetic response below the level of injury.

Question 5

SCAPE

Answer 5

Sympathetic Crashing Acute Pulmonary Edema:
-increased sympathetic response
-excessive overload
-worsening heart failure
resulting in flash pulmonary edema.

Question 6

FOSPE

Answer 6

Fluid Overload Subacute Pulmonary Edema:
-gradual fluid accumulation over several days
-systemic overload
resulting in pulmonary edema

Question 7

CHF

Answer 7

Pump failure results in (perceived) systemic hypoperfusion and triggering of the RAAS system causing:
- vasoconstriction from angiotensin II/ vasopressin
-Na and fluid retention from aldosterone

Question 8

A patient is scheduled for dialysis today. You suspect (2):

Answer 8

• fluid overload
• hyperkalemia

Question 9

Hypovolemic shock

Answer 9

Primarily caused by a decrease in preload (volume)

Question 10

Stand up and show decorticate posturing position.

Answer 10

Towards the core: