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AAP Upskill > Digestive system A and P > Flashcards

Digestive system A and P Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the digestive system start?

A
  • At the month
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2
Q

Define “Peristalsis”.

A

The rhythmic disentesion. an contraction of muscle to push food toward the stomach.

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3
Q

What are the 6 functions of the digestive system?

A
  • Ingestion
  • Secretion
  • Mixing and Propulsion
  • Digestion
  • Absorption
  • Defecation
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4
Q

What does the digestive tract consist of?

A
  • Mouth
  • Oropharynx
  • Oesophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine
  • Large intestine
  • Rectum and anal canal
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5
Q

What are the 3 accessory organs?

A
  • Liver
  • Pancreas
  • Gall bladder
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6
Q

What 2 organs are 25cm long?

A

Oesophagus and duodenum

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7
Q

What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands found in the mouth?

A
  • Parotid glands
  • Sublingual glands
  • Submandular glands
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8
Q

What is the purpose of the epiglotis ?

A

To prevent food from entering the trachea.

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9
Q

What is the length of the oesophagus?

A

25cm

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10
Q

What is the diameter of the oesophagus?

A

2cm

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11
Q

Where does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm?

A

At T10

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12
Q

How many sphincter are found in the oesophagus?

A

2

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13
Q

What is the name and function of the upper most sphincter in the stomach?

A
  • Cardiac sphincter, to prevent regurgitation into the oesophagus
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14
Q

What sphincter prevents the flow of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine?

A

The pyloric sphincter

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15
Q

What is the end product of digestion in the stomach?

A

Chyme

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16
Q

How long does it take for food to pass through the stomach?

A
  • 2 to 6 hours
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17
Q

What are the 3 sections of the small intestine?

A
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunium
  • ilium
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18
Q

How long is the small intestine?

A

6m

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19
Q

Where does bile go in the duodenum?

A

Into the pancreatic and live duct.

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20
Q

How long is the Jejunium?

A

2m

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21
Q

How long is the Ilium?

A

3m

22
Q

Which section of the lower intestine has the highest absorption rates?

A

The ileum due to the presence of villi

23
Q

Where in the small intestine does the most food breakdown occur?

A

In the jejunium

24
Q

What are the sections of the large intesting?

A
  • Cecum
  • Ascending colon
  • Transverse colon
  • Disending colon
  • Rectum
25
Q

What are the functions of the colon?

A
  • Secretions of mucus for mucus lubrication
  • Absorption of water and vitamins
  • Storage of indigestible foods
  • Vit K and B complex production
  • Deafication
26
Q

What is the length of the rectum?

A

13cm

27
Q

What is the length of the anal canal?

A

4cm

28
Q

What is the largest visceral organ?

A

The liver

29
Q

What is the rough weight of a liver?

A

1- 2.3 kg

30
Q

What does the liver convert?

A

Glucose to glycogen
Amino acids to urea

31
Q

What does the liver liver break down?

A

Fats and alcohol

32
Q

What does the liver secrete?

A

Bile

33
Q

What is stored in the liver?

A

Vitamins and iron

34
Q

Where is the liver located?

A

In the epigastric region of the abdominal cavity

35
Q

What is synthesised in the liver?

A

Vitamin A and Plasma proteins

36
Q

What % of blood volume does the liver hold?

A

13%

37
Q

Which organ receives all the blood from the stomach?

A

The liver

38
Q

What is the rough weight of a pancreas?

A

60g

39
Q

What is the rough size of a pancreas?

A

12-15cm

40
Q

What is secreted by the pancreas?

A
  • Pancreatic juice
  • insulin
  • Bile
  • Glucagon
41
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A
  • Posterior to the stomach
42
Q

What is stored and secreted in the gal bladder?

A
  • Bile
43
Q

What is the average dimensions of a spleen?

A

12cm x 7cm

44
Q

What is produced in the spleen?

A

White blood cells

45
Q

What is broken down in the splee?

A

Red blood cells.

46
Q

Why does the spleen store blood?

A

In the event of hypoxia or hypovalaemia

47
Q

What volume of blood is stored by the spleen?

A

240ml

48
Q

What is secreted by the adrenal glands?

A
  • Hormones
  • Adrenaline/ Noradrenaline
  • Corticosteroids
49
Q

What is the technical term for the outside of the adrenal glands?

A

The Cortex

50
Q

What is the technical term for the inside of the adrenal glands?

A

The Medulla

51
Q

What is the length of uretheters?

A

25cm - 30cm

52
Q

What is the capacity of the bladder?

A

300ml

AAP Upskill (28 decks)

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