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aap upskill > Nervous system conditions > Flashcards

Nervous system conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Define TLOC?

A

A Spontaneous loss of consciousness with complete recovery and no residual neurological deficit.

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2
Q

What are the common causes of TLOC?

A
  • Cardiogenic conditions
  • Neurological conditions
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3
Q

Define “Coma”.

A

The absence of consciousness

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4
Q

Define “Prodomal Symtoms”

A

Early signs of a disease or disorder

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5
Q

What are the signs of an uncomplicated faint?

A
  • Posturing
  • Prodomal symptoms
  • Provoking factors
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6
Q

What are the red flags for TLOC?

A
  • New ECG12 Abnormalities
  • Physical signs of Heart failure
  • Family HX of sudden death in under 40s
  • New unexplained breathlessness
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7
Q

Define “Convulsion”.

A

An involuntary contraction and relaxation of the muscles producing rigidity and violently shaking of the limbs.

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8
Q

Define “Eclampsia”.

A

A complication of pregnancy, where by seizures occur in women who are >20 weeks due to physiological changes in the body.

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9
Q

What are the common causes of non epileptic convulsions?

A
  • Preveoked symptomatic seizures
  • Psychogenic Non epileptic seizures (PNES/ FND)
  • Vasovagal syncope
  • Cardiogenic events
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10
Q

What causes a seizure?

A

Schronized and excessive excitation of neurons in the cerebral cortex

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11
Q

What are the different types of seizures?

A
  • Partial
  • Generalised
  • Tonic clonic
  • Absence
  • Cryptogenic
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12
Q

What is the difference between the two types of partial seizures?

A

Simple - Conscious maintained, pins and needles in a distinct part of the body
Complex - Consciousness altered, Semi-purposeful behaviour.

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13
Q

Define “PNES”.

A

An involuntary physiological response as a result of psychological trauma.

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14
Q

Define “Status Epilepticus”

A

Seizure/ Series of that continue for more than 5 minutes.

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15
Q

What is the maximum amount of benzodiazapines that can be given pre-hospital?

A

20mg

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16
Q

What are the 2 causes of stroke?

A
  • Ischemic - Blockage
  • Haemorrhagic - Bleed
17
Q

Define “TIA”.

A

A brief interuption of blood supply to the brain causing temporary neurological impairment

18
Q

What are the risk factors for stroke?

A
  • Sickle cell anaemia
  • Diabetes
  • Smoking
  • Atherolsclerosis
  • Over 65
  • AF
  • HTN
  • Eclampsia
  • Head injury
19
Q

What are the common non-fast symptoms that are associated with stroke?

A
  • Difficulty understanding information
  • Ataxia
  • Dysphagia
  • Thunder clap headache
20
Q

Define “Sub-arachnoid haemorrhage”

A

A bleed from an aneurysm that goes into the sub-arachnoid space, between the pia and arachnoid layers.

21
Q

What are the common recognition features of a sub arachnoid haemorrhage?

A
  • Sudden severe headache, diffused around the head.
  • vomiting (Not in all cases)
  • May accuse of feeling they are being slapped on the head.
22
Q

Define “Meningitis”

A

The immflamation of the lining around the brain and spinal cord.

23
Q

Define “Septecemia” .

A

When bacteria invade the blood stream.

24
Q

in what age group is meningitis most common?

A

Infants (Under1’s)

25
Q

Define “Parkinsons disease”

A

A condition caused by a loss of nerve cells in the substantia nigra, causing a decreased of dopamine.

26
Q

What alternative management may be put into place to assist with Parkinsons symptoms?

A
  • Support tratement (Physio, occupational therapy)
  • Medications
  • Brain surgery (In some cases).
27
Q

What are the different types of headaches?

A
  • Primary headaches - occur in response to a life long condition, are tension type headaches or are severe and short lasting
  • Secondary headaches - Secondary to illness or injury and are pathological in origin.
28
Q

What are the different types of migraine?

A
  • Migraine with aura
  • Migraine without aura
  • Migraine without headache
29
Q

Define “tension headache”.

A

Constant ache that affects both sides of the head and is often frontal. May be accompanied by neck tension and feeling pressure behind the eyes.

30
Q

Define “rebound headache”.

A

The headache that occurs when a medication is withdrawn, particularly pain releif.

31
Q

Define “Cluster headache”.

A

Excruciating attacks of pain on 1 side of the head, often behind the eye.

aap upskill (28 decks)

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