Observational techniques

Question 1

what happens in a naturalistic observation?

Answer 1

the researcher watches and records behaviour in the setting which it would normally occur.

Question 2

what happens during a controlled observation?

Answer 2

the researcher watches and records behaviour within a structured environment. Where some variables are controlled.

Question 3

What is a covert observation?

Answer 3

When a participants behaviour is observed and recorded without their knowledge or consent

Question 4

what is an overt observation?

Answer 4

when a participant is being watched and recorded with their knowledge and consent

Question 5

what does a researcher do in a participant observation?

Answer 5

They become a member of the group whose behaviour they are recording

Question 6

what does a researcher do in a Non-participant observation?

Answer 6

they remain outside of the group whose behaviour they are watching/recording

Question 7

what are the strengths and weaknesses of a naturalistic observation?

Answer 7

S:
-high external validity, meaning findings can often be generalised to everyday life.

W:
-lack of control over research situation, makes replication difficult
-confounding/extran variables so more difficult to judge pattern of behaviour.

Question 8

what are the strengths and weaknesses of a controlled observation?

Answer 8

S:
–replication is easier as there are less confounding/extran variables are less of a factor.

W:
–Findings cant be easily applied to everyday life.

Question 9

what are the strengths and weaknesses of an Overt observation?

Answer 9

S:
–more ethically acceptable.
W:
-knowledge of observation may lead to D.C’s which influence behaviour and lower internal validity

Question 10

what are the strengths and weaknesses of a covert observation?

Answer 10

S:
-Removes demand characteristics, behaviour is natural ]
-increases internal validity

W:
-unethical as participants are unaware and may not want to be recorded/watched

Question 11

what are the strengths and weaknesses of a participant observation?

Answer 11

S:
-researcher experiences situation as the participants do which gives an insight into lives of people being studied
-higher external validity of findings

W:
-researcher may identify too strongly with what they’re studying and lose objectivity.

Question 12

what are the strengths and weaknesses of a onn-participant observation?

Answer 12

S:
-objective psychological distance from participants, less danger of adopting to the local lifestyle.

W:
-Lose valuable insight to be gained in a participant obs, as they’re removed from the people they are studying.