Observational techniques Flashcards
what happens in a naturalistic observation?
the researcher watches and records behaviour in the setting which it would normally occur.
what happens during a controlled observation?
the researcher watches and records behaviour within a structured environment. Where some variables are controlled.
What is a covert observation?
When a participants behaviour is observed and recorded without their knowledge or consent
what is an overt observation?
when a participant is being watched and recorded with their knowledge and consent
what does a researcher do in a participant observation?
They become a member of the group whose behaviour they are recording
what does a researcher do in a Non-participant observation?
they remain outside of the group whose behaviour they are watching/recording
what are the strengths and weaknesses of a naturalistic observation?
S:
-high external validity, meaning findings can often be generalised to everyday life.
W:
-lack of control over research situation, makes replication difficult
-confounding/extran variables so more difficult to judge pattern of behaviour.
what are the strengths and weaknesses of a controlled observation?
S:
–replication is easier as there are less confounding/extran variables are less of a factor.
W:
–Findings cant be easily applied to everyday life.
what are the strengths and weaknesses of an Overt observation?
S:
–more ethically acceptable.
W:
-knowledge of observation may lead to D.C’s which influence behaviour and lower internal validity
what are the strengths and weaknesses of a covert observation?
S:
-Removes demand characteristics, behaviour is natural ]
-increases internal validity
W:
-unethical as participants are unaware and may not want to be recorded/watched
what are the strengths and weaknesses of a participant observation?
S:
-researcher experiences situation as the participants do which gives an insight into lives of people being studied
-higher external validity of findings
W:
-researcher may identify too strongly with what they’re studying and lose objectivity.
what are the strengths and weaknesses of a onn-participant observation?
S:
-objective psychological distance from participants, less danger of adopting to the local lifestyle.
W:
-Lose valuable insight to be gained in a participant obs, as they’re removed from the people they are studying.