atomic structure and periodic table Flashcards

1
Q

what is the structure of an atom

A

a central nucleus containing neutrons and protons surrounded by electrons in shells

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2
Q

how many electrons can each shell contain

A

first- 2
second-8
third-8

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3
Q

what are the charges and masses of a proton neutron and electron

A

proton- 1 mass unit, +1
neutron- 1 mass unit, 0
electron- negligible(1/1840), -1

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4
Q

what is proton/atomic number

A

the smaller number represented in periodic table, and is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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5
Q

what is mass/ nucleun numer

A

the larger number represented in periodic table, the total number of protons and neutrons in nucleus of atom

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6
Q

what is the nobel gas group and what is a caracterisitc of the group

A

group 8, they have full outer shell

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7
Q

what are the 2 paterns between periodic number/ groups and electron configuration

A

1- the number of outer shell electrons is equal to the number of groups
2-the number of occupied electron shells is equal to the period number

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8
Q

what are isotopes

A

different atoms of the same element, which have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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9
Q

isotopoes vs chemical properties

A

isotopes have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons and therefore same electronic configuration

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10
Q

how do you calculate the relative atomic mass of an element

A

sum of [(atomic mass × % abundance)] for each isotope/ 100

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11
Q

how do you calculate total relative abundance

A

sum of [(atomic mass × % abundance)] for each isotope/ average mass

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12
Q

describe group 1 in periodic table

A

they are alkali metals, lithium, sodium, potassium and are relativly soft metals
going down the group:
-decreasing melting point
-increasing density
-increasing reactivity

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13
Q

what happens when you react a metal with water

A

produces the metal hydroxide and hydrogen

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14
Q

what can be observed when a metal reacts with water

A

you would observe the metal disappearing, and some gas bubbling off surface and if alklai metals that react, would give off heat

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15
Q

what is the name for the test fro hydrogenb

A

lit splint squeaky pop

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16
Q

describe group 7 + trends

A

the halogens, chlorine, bromine and iodine, they are diatomic non-metals (eg Cl2)
as you go down the group:
-increases density
-decreases reactivity
-meltingpoint increase

17
Q

what is the appearane of chlorine in room temp

A

a pale yellow-green gas

18
Q

what is appearance of bromine in room temp

A

red-brown liquid

19
Q

what is appearance of iodine in room temp

A

grey-black solid

20
Q

describe transition elements

A

metals that have, high densities, melting points and form coloured compounds, they also often act as catalysts as elements and in compounds
they also have elements which have ions with variable oxidation numbers eg. iron (2)-> 2+ and iron (3) -> 3+

21
Q

describe group 8

A

they are noble gases which are, unreactive (because of full outer shell), monoatomic gases (because they have full outer shells)

22
Q

what is a displacement reaction?

A

A reaction where a less reactive element is removed from a compound by a more reactive element. is a redox reaction.

23
Q

how do you tell a displacment reaction has occured?

A

temp change, colour change, a percipitate is formed

24
Q

what is the reactivity series less to more

A

gold, silver, copper, hydrogen, iron, zinc, carbon, aluminium, magnesium, calcium, lithium, sodium, potassium